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Practical engineering, manufacturing and business tools to calculate, analyse and make better decisions.
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- Engineering & DesignMechanics, strength, springs, bearings and design checks.249
- Manufacturing & ProductionMachining, fabrication, operations, capacity and stock.186
- Machinery & Power TransmissionGears, drives, fasteners and threads.249
- Hydraulics & PneumaticsFluid power circuits, cylinders, pumps and compressed air.88
- Quality & MaterialsInspection, capability, tolerances and material behaviour.110
- Maintenance & ReliabilityAlignment, lubrication, oil cleanliness and asset life.27
- Projects & ImprovementProject health, planning, workload and improvement cases.21
- Business & CommercialCosting, quoting, investment and business decisions.41
- Reference & UtilitiesUnit conversion, geometry and engineering mathematics.59
Engineering & Design
Mechanics, strength, springs, bearings and design checks.
Adiabatic Mixing of Two Air Streams (Mixed Temperature, Humidity, Dew Point, Fog Risk)
When outdoor and return air (or any two moist-air streams) mix without heat transfer, what temperature, humidity ratio, relative humidity and dew point does the mixed air have, and does the mixture stay clear of fog?
Open toolAir-Standard Otto and Diesel Cycle Check (Efficiency, Net Work, Mean Effective Pressure, Peak Pressure)
What thermal efficiency, net work, mean effective pressure and peak cylinder pressure does the ideal Otto or Diesel cycle give for this compression ratio, and is the peak pressure within the limit?
Open toolAxial Stress and Extension
What elastic stress and length change follow from this axial force?
Open toolBattery Pack Heat Check (Irreversible and Reversible Heat, Temperature Rise, Cooling)
How much heat does this battery pack make while charging or discharging at this current, how much of it is reversible, and how hot will it get with the cooling it has?
Open toolBeam Stress and Deflection
What stress and deflection does this ideal beam model predict?
Open toolBearing L10 Life
How many hours will this rolling bearing run before 10% of a group would be expected to fail?
Open toolBearing Life for a Load and Speed Duty Cycle
What is the equivalent load and rating life of this bearing over a varying duty cycle?
Open toolBearing Static Load Ratio
How does the static load on this bearing compare with its static rating?
Open toolBoiling Margin Check (Clausius–Clapeyron Vapour Pressure, Keep Liquid or Make It Boil)
From one known boiling point and the heat of vaporisation, what is this liquid’s vapour pressure at my temperature, at what temperature does it boil at my pressure, and is there enough margin to keep it liquid (or to make it boil)?
Open toolBoiling Point and Vapour Pressure at Operating Pressure (Clausius–Clapeyron Check)
At the pressure over my liquid (a vacuum, a tank at altitude or a pressurised vessel), at what temperature will it boil, what is its vapour pressure at my process temperature, and is there enough margin to keep it from boiling or flashing?
Open toolBoiling Point Under Vacuum (Clausius–Clapeyron Boiling Temperature, Pressure for a Temperature Limit)
At what temperature will this liquid boil at the vacuum I can pull, and what pressure do I need to boil it below the highest temperature the product allows?
Open toolBolt Circle Coordinates
Where are the centres of equally spaced holes?
Open toolCogeneration (CHP) Utilisation and Primary Energy Saving Check
For a combined heat and power plant with this fuel input, electrical output and useful heat, what is its utilisation factor and power-to-heat ratio, how much fuel would separate power and heat production use, and does it save the share of primary energy you require?
Open toolCooling Coil Load with Dehumidification (Psychrometric Balance, Condensate, Sensible Heat Ratio)
What total cooling load, condensate flow and sensible heat ratio does it take to cool and dehumidify this air flow from the inlet to the outlet state, and can the coil you have deliver it?
Open toolDirect Evaporative Cooler Check (Wet-Bulb, Supply Temperature, Water Use, Cooling Capacity)
How cool will a direct evaporative cooler make this air, how much water will it evaporate and how much sensible cooling will it give, and will it reach the supply temperature you need?
Open toolEnclosure Cooling Airflow (Heat Load, Wall Losses, Fan Airflow Needed)
For an electrical or control enclosure with equipment giving off heat, how much heat escapes through the walls, and what fan airflow keeps the inside within its temperature limit?
Open toolExpansion Gap Plan (Movement over the Temperature Range, Gap at Installation, Restrained Stress)
For a rail, beam, pipe or panel run that must move with temperature, what gap should I set when installing, will it stay within the joint’s range, and what stress would build up if the gap closed?
Open toolExpansion Vessel Sizing (Liquid Expansion, Pre-Charge and Final Pressure, Vessel Volume)
For a closed heating or cooling water system, how much does the water expand when it heats up, and how big must the diaphragm expansion vessel be to take it within the pressure limits?
Open toolExtraction Duct Check (Total Airflow, Duct Velocity, Friction Loss, Fan Pressure)
For a dust or fume extraction system with several hoods on one duct, is the duct velocity high enough to carry the dust, what is the pressure loss, and can the fan supply it?
Open toolFuel Oil Heating Value from Baumé Gravity (Specific Gravity, Heat per kg and per Litre, Fuel Use)
What is the approximate heating value of a fuel oil from its Baumé gravity or specific gravity, per kilogram and per litre, and how much oil will a burner or heater use to deliver my heat output?
Open toolGas Compressor or Turbine Isentropic Efficiency from Measured Temperatures (Power, Entropy Generation)
From the measured inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures of an uncooled gas compressor, blower or turbine, what is its isentropic efficiency, shaft power and entropy generation, and does the efficiency meet the minimum you expect?
Open toolGas Turbine (Brayton) Cycle Check with Regenerator (Net Power, Back-Work Ratio, Efficiency)
What net power, back-work ratio and thermal efficiency does this gas-turbine cycle give with real compressor and turbine efficiencies, how much does a regenerator add, and does the net power meet the demand?
Open toolHeat Engine and Heat Pump Second-Law Check (Carnot Limit, Entropy Generated, Lost Work)
Is the efficiency or COP claimed for this engine, chiller or heat pump possible between its two temperatures, how close is it to the Carnot limit, and how much work does its irreversibility cost?
Open toolHeat Engine Carnot Limit Check (Ideal Efficiency, Second-Law Efficiency, Most Work, Least Heat Rejected)
Is the efficiency claimed or measured for this heat engine possible between its hot source and cold sink, how close is it to the Carnot limit, and what work and rejected heat does it imply?
Open toolHeat Pump and Chiller COP Check (Carnot Limit, Second-Law Efficiency, Running Cost)
Is the COP claimed or measured for this heat pump or chiller possible at these temperatures, how close is it to the Carnot limit, and what does it cost to run?
Open toolHeat Pump, Chiller or Heat Engine Claim Check (Carnot Limit, Second-Law Efficiency, Running Cost)
Is the COP or efficiency claimed for this heat pump, chiller or heat engine possible between these two temperatures, how close does it come to the Carnot limit, and what does it cost to run each year?
Open toolHeating with Humidification (Heater Load, Water or Steam Needed, Equipment Check)
To bring cold, dry air to the temperature and humidity you need, how much heat must the heater supply and how much water or steam must the humidifier add, and are the heater and humidifier big enough?
Open toolHole and Shaft Clearance Limits
What clearance or interference can occur at the size limits?
Open toolHydrocarbon Combustion Air and Flue Gas Check (Air–Fuel Ratio, Flue Analysis, Water Dew Point)
For complete combustion of this hydrocarbon fuel with this excess air, what air–fuel ratio and air flow are needed, what dry flue oxygen and carbon dioxide will an analyser read, what is the water dew point of the flue gas, and does the flue stay above it?
Open toolJournal Bearing Friction (Petroff) and Sommerfeld Number
What friction torque, power loss and Sommerfeld number does this lightly loaded journal bearing have?
Open toolLeast Work to Chill a Product Below Ambient (Second-Law Minimum Power, Ideal COP, Chiller Claim Check)
What is the least power any machine could need to chill this product stream from its start temperature to below the surroundings, and is the chiller power quoted or measured for the duty possible?
Open toolMachine Noise Acceptance Test (Background Correction, Distance, Limit)
From my sound level readings with the machine running and stopped, what is the machine’s own noise, is the background low enough for a valid test, and does it meet the limit at the specified distance?
Open toolMachinery Noise: Machine Level, Combined Sources and Distance
How loud is this machine on its own, how loud are several sources together, and how does level fall with distance?
Open toolMoist Air Dew Point and Surface Condensation Check (Humidity Ratio, Enthalpy, Dew-Point Margin)
At this air temperature, relative humidity and pressure, what are the dew point, humidity ratio and enthalpy of the air, and will a surface at this temperature stay dry with the margin you need?
Open toolNoise Exposure Check (Combined Sources, Distance, Dose)
What sound level does the operator get from these machines at their working position, and is their daily noise dose within the limit?
Open toolO-Ring Groove Design (Depth, Width, Bore and Extrusion Gap)
What groove depth and width give my target squeeze and fill for this O-ring, what mating diameter does that set, and is the extrusion gap small enough?
Open toolO-Ring Squeeze, Stretch and Gland Fill
Will this O-ring have the right squeeze, stretch and gland fill in this groove?
Open toolOil Viscosity at Temperature
What is this oil’s viscosity at the operating temperature?
Open toolOverhung Pulley Shaft Bush Check (Belt Pull, Bush Loads, P, V and PV)
For a belt pulley overhung on a shaft running in two plain bushes, what load does each bush carry, and are their pressure, sliding speed and PV within the bush material’s limits?
Open toolPlain Bearing Pressure, Velocity and PV
Are the pressure, sliding speed and PV of this bushing within the material’s limits?
Open toolPreferred Size Selection (Renard Series Size for Each Requirement, Oversize, Distinct Sizes)
For a set of required sizes or ratings, which preferred numbers should I pick, how much oversize does each choice give, and how many distinct sizes does the range need?
Open toolRetention Method Selector
Which axial retention method suits this joint, and what will it cost over its life?
Open toolReverse Osmosis Concentrate-End Check (Osmotic Coefficient, Concentrate Osmotic Pressure, Least Feed Pressure)
For this salty feed water and recovery, what osmotic pressure must a reverse osmosis unit overcome at the concentrate end, and is my feed pressure high enough to keep water passing the last membrane?
Open toolRolling Bearing Adjusted Rating Life
How many hours will this ball or roller bearing last at the required reliability?
Open toolRolling Bearing Friction Torque and Heat
How much friction torque and heat does this rolling bearing produce?
Open toolSection Properties
What area and bending properties follow from this section?
Open toolSigned Three-Term Tolerance Stack
What are the worst-case limits of this signed assembly dimension?
Open toolSolvent Vapour Headspace Check (Raoult’s Law Partial Pressure, Saturated Concentration, Share of LEL)
If this solvent sits in a closed tank or container until its vapour saturates the space above it, how close does the vapour come to the lower explosive limit, and at what liquid temperature does it reach my limit?
Open toolSteam Rankine Cycle Check (Efficiency, Steam Flow, Heat Rate, Turbine Exhaust Dryness)
From steam-table values for the boiler outlet and condenser, what thermal efficiency, steam flow, heat rate and boiler and condenser duties does this steam cycle give for the power needed, and is the steam leaving the turbine dry enough?
Open toolTaper Angle and Ratio
What half-angle and taper ratio match these dimensions?
Open toolTapered Pad Footing Check (Prismoidal Volume, Self-Weight, Bearing Pressure, Concrete Order)
For a column pad footing with a tapered top, how much concrete does it take, what does it weigh, and is the bearing pressure under it within the ground’s allowable pressure?
Open toolThermoelectric Cooler Check (TEC Module Constants from the Datasheet, Heat Pumped, Power, COP, Hot-Side Heat)
At my current and hot- and cold-side temperatures, how much heat do these thermoelectric modules pump, what power and voltage do they take, how much heat must the hot-side heat sink reject, and is that enough for my load?
Open toolThrust Bearing Pad Unit Load and PV
What unit load, sliding speed and PV does this pad or washer thrust bearing run at?
Open toolThrust Pad Bearing Check (Unit Load, PV, Friction Loss, Oil Flow)
Is this thrust bearing’s unit load and PV within limits, how much power does friction waste, and how much oil must flow through it to carry the heat away?
Open toolVapour-Compression Refrigeration or Heat Pump Cycle Check (COP from State Enthalpies, Carnot Limit)
From the refrigerant enthalpies at the compressor inlet, isentropic discharge and condenser outlet, what refrigerant flow, compressor power and COP does this cycle give, how close is it to the Carnot limit, and does it meet the COP you need?
Open toolWaste Heat Recovery Limit Check (Heat Released, Exergy, Claimed Power against the Second-Law Limit)
How much heat does this waste stream give up, what is the most power any machine could make from it, and is the power claimed for a heat recovery unit believable?
Open toolWet Steam Dryness by Throttling Calorimeter (Dryness Fraction, Calorimeter Validity)
From a throttling calorimeter reading, what is the dryness fraction of the wet steam in the line, is the reading valid (steam superheated after throttling), and is the steam as dry as the process needs?
Open toolAverage Force of a Blow (Drop Hammer or Pile Driver)
What average force does this falling weight deliver when it drives the work a given distance?
Open toolBall-Screw Linear Axis Sizing
Can this ball screw and motor move the load at the speed and acceleration required, and how long will the screw last?
Open toolBand Brake Torque and Lever Force
What band tensions and lever force does this simple band brake need for the braking torque?
Open toolBelt, Rope and Band Friction (Capstan)
What is the most tension the tight side can hold for this wrap and friction?
Open toolBlock and Tackle Check (Pull with Sheave Friction, Rope and Operator)
What pull does this block and tackle need at the fast line once sheave friction is counted, is the rope strong enough, and can one person pull it by hand?
Open toolBrake Dynamometer Test and Cooling Plan (Power, Water Flow, Water Use)
How much power is my prony brake or absorption dynamometer taking, how much cooling water does it need for the temperature rise I allow, and do my brake rating and water supply cover it?
Open toolBuffer Stop Design (Impact Energy, Stroke, Force and Deceleration)
What buffer stroke stops this moving carriage within my force and deceleration limits, and what peak force reaches the end stop structure?
Open toolCable Span Design (Catenary Sag, Tension, Clearance and Stretch)
What tension does this cable carry across its span at the sag I want, is it strong enough, does the low point keep its clearance, and how much does it stretch?
Open toolCam and Spring-Loaded Follower Design
Will this cam’s follower stay in contact at speed, what spring preload does it need, and is the pressure angle acceptable?
Open toolCam Follower Force Analysis (Return Spring Rate, Normal Force with Guide Friction, Cam Torque, Surface Error)
For a disc cam driving a translating roller follower held by a return spring, what spring rate keeps the follower on the cam, what normal force does the cam carry at a chosen angle once friction in the follower guide is included, what torque does the cam shaft need there, and how much would a small bump on the cam surface add to the acceleration?
Open toolCam Follower Return Spring Check (Inertia Force, Jump Speed)
Is my follower return spring strong enough to keep the follower on the cam at this speed, and at what speed will the follower start to jump?
Open toolCam Size for a Maximum Pressure Angle and Radius of Curvature (Smallest Base Radius, Undercut, Cutter Check)
For a disc cam with a radial translating roller follower, how small can the cam be (the least radius to the pitch curve) without exceeding my maximum pressure angle, where does that angle occur, what is the smallest radius of curvature of the pitch curve, and will my roller undercut the cam or my cutter be too large for the concave parts?
Open toolCapstan and Bollard Rope Turns Check (Holding Force, Turns Needed, Rope Load)
How many turns of rope around a bollard, capstan or drum let a person hold this load, and is the rope strong enough?
Open toolCart Push Force Check (Rolling Resistance, Slope, Starting Force, Wheel Load)
How hard will it be to start and keep a loaded trolley moving on this floor and slope, and are the wheels rated for the load?
Open toolCatenary Cable Sag, Tension and Length
What tension and length does a cable or chain of this weight have when it sags this much over the span?
Open toolCentrifugal Force on a Rotating Mass
What outward force does this rotating mass exert?
Open toolCentrifugal Load on a Bolted Attachment (Overspeed and Bolt Stress)
What pull does centrifugal force put on the bolts holding this mass to a rotor, does it stay within the bolt allowable at overspeed, and at what speed would it reach the limit?
Open toolCombined Centre of Gravity
Where is the centre of gravity of these combined masses?
Open toolComposite Rotor Inertia and Energy (Up to Three Shapes, Offsets, Stored and Released Energy)
For a rotor built up from rings, tori, cones, shells or tubes, what is its total moment of inertia, how much energy does it store at speed, and is the energy given up for my allowed slow-down enough for the duty?
Open toolCounterbalancing Masses in One Plane
What counterweight, at what angle, balances these masses rotating in one plane?
Open toolCrane Load Swing Check (Pendulum Period, Swing, Rope Tension)
If the trolley stops suddenly, how far will this hanging load swing, how long is each swing, and how much extra pull does the swing put on the rope?
Open toolCrane or Trolley Wheel on Rail (Contact Stress, Wheel Pressure, Travel Force)
Is this crane or trolley wheel big enough for its load on the rail, and what force and power does it take to roll the machine along?
Open toolDrive Shaft Torsional Check (Natural Frequency, Resonance Margins, Stress, Twist)
Does the torsional natural frequency of my motor, shaft and load fall clear of the running-speed excitations, and are the shaft stress and twist acceptable?
Open toolEyebolt Lift Check (Unequal Leg Tensions, Angled Capacity, Thread Engagement)
When a load hangs from two eyebolts with legs at different angles, what tension does each eyebolt actually carry, is that within its capacity at the angle, and is each eyebolt screwed in deeply enough?
Open toolFly-ball (Porter) Governor Height and Sensitivity
At what height does this fly-ball governor run at this speed, and how sensitive is it?
Open toolFlywheel Energy and Speed Fluctuation
How much energy does this flywheel give up between two speeds, and is its rim speed acceptable?
Open toolFlywheel Rim Design (Inertia for Speed Fluctuation, Size and Stress)
What inertia does this flywheel need to hold the speed fluctuation within limits, what disc size gives it, and is the rim speed and stress safe?
Open toolForce Group Support Check (Resultant, Line of Action, Support Reactions, Uplift)
For several forces acting on a frame, base or beam resting on two supports, what is their resultant, where does it act, and what does each support carry?
Open toolForklift Load Centre Check (Load Centre of Gravity, Derated Capacity, Side Offset)
For a load made of several items on the forks, where is its centre of gravity, what can the forklift lift at that load centre, and is the load within it?
Open toolGeneva Drive Design (Acceleration, Pin Force and Drive Torque)
How hard does this Geneva wheel accelerate the load, what force does the drive roller see, and what torque must the driver supply?
Open toolGeneva Wheel Indexing Mechanism
What crank radius and wheel size does a Geneva drive need, and how long are its index and dwell?
Open toolGravity Chute Check (Sliding Acceleration, Exit Speed, Impact Energy, Least Angle)
Will parts slide down this gravity chute, how fast will they be going at the bottom, and is that slow enough not to damage them?
Open toolGyroscopic Bearing Load on a Turning Rotor
When the machine carrying this spinning rotor turns or swings, what gyroscopic couple acts, and what total load does each bearing then carry?
Open toolGyroscopic Couple and Bearing Reactions
What gyroscopic couple does this spinning rotor exert when its axis is turned, and what load does it put on the bearings?
Open toolImpact Energy and Stopping Force
What energy and force result when this mass is stopped over a short distance?
Open toolImpulse, Momentum and Collisions
What average force changes this body’s velocity in the time available, and how do two bodies move after they collide?
Open toolInclined Plane and Friction
What force pushes, holds or lowers a load on this slope?
Open toolLever Force with Several Loads
What effort balances these loads on a lever, or how long must the effort arm be?
Open toolLifting Beam and Spreader Beam Check
Is this lifting beam or spreader bar strong and stiff enough for the load, and what are the sling tensions?
Open toolLinear Move Drive Check (Move Profile, Screw Torque, RMS Torque, Cycle Time)
For a carriage moved back and forth by a motor and screw, how long does each move take, what speed and torque does the motor need, and does it meet my cycle time?
Open toolMachine Foundation Block Sizing
How big a concrete block does this machine need, will the soil carry it, and is the block clear of resonance?
Open toolMachine Levelling Wedge Check (Drive Force, Self-Locking, Travel)
Can these levelling wedges lift my machine with the force I can apply, will they stay put under load, and is there enough wedge travel for the height adjustment?
Open toolMachine Tipping Stability (Overturning, Safety Factor, Anchors)
Will this free-standing machine or cabinet tip over under a sideways acceleration or push, and if so, what anchor force holds it down?
Open toolMass Moment of Inertia
What is the mass moment of inertia of this body about the chosen axis?
Open toolMass Moment of Inertia: Cone, Torus, Ellipsoid and Shells
What is the mass moment of inertia and radius of gyration of this body?
Open toolModified Constant-Velocity Cam with Parabolic Matching (Rise Angles, Displacement Table, Acceleration)
My cam follower must rise partly at constant velocity, with constant acceleration before and constant deceleration after: what cam angles do the acceleration and deceleration parts need so the curves blend, what is the displacement at each step of cam rotation, and how large are the velocity and accelerations at my cam speed?
Open toolOutdoor Cabinet or Machine Wind Tipping and Sliding Check
Will this free-standing cabinet, tank or machine outdoors tip over or slide in the design wind, and if so what anchor tension is needed?
Open toolPendulum Period: Simple, Compound, Conical and Torsional
What is the period of this pendulum, and how much does a large swing change it?
Open toolPermissible Residual Unbalance (Balance Grade)
How much residual unbalance is allowed for this rotor and balance grade?
Open toolPlate Lift Plan (Shape Area, Mass, Centre of Gravity, Two-Point Lift Loads)
For a flat plate of any straight-sided shape lifted from two points, what does it weigh, where is its centre of gravity, and how much load does each lift point take?
Open toolPoint-to-Point Move Time
How long does this axis or conveyor move take with the given speed and acceleration?
Open toolPortable Gantry Crane Check (Beam Stress and Deflection, A-Frame Leg Buckling, Wheel Load)
For a portable A-frame gantry with an I-beam and splayed legs, are the beam stress and deflection within limits, will the legs buckle, and what does each castor carry?
Open toolPorter Governor Check (Heights, Sleeve Travel, Ball Radius, Centrifugal Force)
Over its control range, how far does this loaded fly-ball governor’s sleeve move, where do the balls run, and what centrifugal force do they carry?
Open toolPower Screw Raise and Lower Torque
What torque raises and lowers this load with a screw jack or lead screw, including collar friction?
Open toolProny Brake and Absorption Dynamometer Power
How much power is the machine delivering according to the brake arm, scale reading and speed?
Open toolPunch and Shear Flywheel Sizing
What motor power and flywheel rim does this punch or shear need for its energy per stroke?
Open toolPusher or Transfer Move Check (Motion Profile, Force, Stop Impact)
What acceleration, speed and force does my pusher need to move this part over the stroke in the time I want, and how hard will it hit if it stops against a hard stop at full speed?
Open toolRack and Pinion Axis Sizing
What pinion torque, motor torque and gear ratio does this rack-and-pinion axis need, and are the teeth strong enough?
Open toolRail Width and Track Wheel Diameter for a Wheel Load
For a wheel load on a rail, how wide must the rail tread and head be, what is the smallest track wheel that will carry the load, and what load per unit length does the AREA formula allow for a steel wheel on a steel plate?
Open toolRamp Traction Check (Axle Loads on a Slope, Tractive Force Needed, Grip, Tipping)
Can this vehicle, truck or AGV drive up the ramp loaded without its driven wheels slipping, and does the uphill axle keep enough load not to lift?
Open toolRamp Winch Pull Check (Pull, Holding Force, Power)
What pull does my winch need to haul this load up the ramp on wheels or skids, will the load run back if released, and is the winch power enough at the haul speed?
Open toolResultant of Concurrent Forces
What single force is equivalent to these forces acting at one point?
Open toolResultant of Non-Concurrent and Parallel Forces
What single force and line of action replaces these forces acting at different points?
Open toolRolling Resistance of Wheels and Rollers
What force does it take to keep this wheeled load rolling, and how does that compare with sliding it?
Open toolRope Drum and Fleet Angle Check (Fleet Angle, Rope Capacity by Layer, D/d Ratio, Drum Torque)
For a winch or hoist drum feeding a rope to a lead sheave, is the fleet angle small enough for even spooling, does the drum hold enough rope, and what torque does the top layer need?
Open toolRope Winch Drum and Capstan (Wraps, Holding Pull, Torque, Power)
How many turns of rope around this drum let a small tail pull hold the load, what torque and power does the drum need, and is the rope strong enough?
Open toolRotary Index Table Drive Check (Table Inertia, Motor Torque and Speed, Inertia Ratio, Holding)
For a rotary index table driven by a servo or geared motor, can the motor index it in the time I want, is the inertia match acceptable, and will the drive hold the table against the process force?
Open toolRotary Index Table Drive Sizing
What torque and motor does this rotary index table need to index in time, and what holding torque during machining?
Open toolRotor Balancing Check (Grade, Plane Unbalance and Corrections)
Is this rotor within its balance grade in each correction plane, and if not, what correction masses go where?
Open toolScissor Lift Screw Drive Check (Actuator Force Through the Lift, Screw Torque, Lift Time, Power)
For a single-stage scissor lift table raised by a horizontal lead screw, what force does the screw push with at the bottom of the lift, what torque and power does it need, and how long does the lift take?
Open toolScrew Jack and Power Screw Design
What torque and lever force raise this load, will the screw self-lock, and are the threads, nut and screw strong enough?
Open toolShear Legs (A-Frame) Check (Geometry, Leg Force, Foot Thrust, Buckling)
For a pair of shear legs (an A-frame) lifting this load, what is the head height and leg angle, what force does each leg carry, how hard do the feet push apart, and will the tube legs buckle?
Open toolShoe Brake Stop Check (Stopping Torque, Lever Force, Lining Pressure, Heat)
What braking torque stops this rotating load in the time I want, what lever force does my shoe brake need, and are the lining pressure and drum temperature rise acceptable?
Open toolSingle Shoe (Block) Brake
What lever force does this block brake need, and is it self-energising or self-locking?
Open toolSingle-Plane Balance Correction Check (Unbalance, Correction Mass, Residual, Grade)
From the known out-of-balance masses on this disc-shaped rotor, what correction mass do I add and where, and will the residual after rounding the mass and placing it be within the balance grade?
Open toolSling Leg Tension
What tension does each sling leg carry at this angle, and is it within the rating?
Open toolSnatch Block and Anchor Load Check (Rope Angle, Resultant, Ratings)
When my winch rope turns through a snatch block, what load does the block and its anchor take at this rope angle, and are the block, anchor and rope rated for it?
Open toolStacked Solid Centre of Gravity (Cylinders, Frustums, Cones, Hemispheres, Tipping Angle)
For a vessel, hopper or column made of stacked round solids (or the material filling them), where is its centre of gravity, what does it weigh, and at what tilt would it tip over its base?
Open toolThree-Leg Sling Load Share (3D Leg Geometry, Tensions, Angles)
For a three-leg sling to lift points that are not symmetric, how is the load shared between the legs, how long is each leg, and is any leg overloaded or too steep?
Open toolThree-Point Support Loads (Reaction at Each Support, Uplift, Capacity)
For a machine, plate or frame resting on three supports, how much load does each support carry from the loads on it, and does any support lift off?
Open toolToggle Clamp Design (Cylinder, Toggle Angle and Clamping Force)
What clamping force will this cylinder-driven toggle give at its locking angle, at what angle is the required force reached, and are the links strong enough?
Open toolToggle Joint Force
What output force does this toggle joint produce for the applied force?
Open toolTorque to Accelerate a Rotating Load
How much torque does it take to bring this rotating load up to speed in the time allowed?
Open toolTorsional Natural Frequency of a Drive
At what frequency will this motor-and-load drive resonate in torsion, and is that safely above the control bandwidth?
Open toolTraction Hoist Check (Counterweight, Rope Tension Ratio, Sheave Traction, Motor Power)
For a counterweighted lift or hoist driven by rope traction on a grooved sheave, will the ropes grip without slipping loaded and empty, and what motor power does it need?
Open toolTwo-Plane (Dynamic) Balance Corrections
What correction masses in two planes give this rotor a running (dynamic) balance?
Open toolTwo-Point Lift with an Off-Centre Load (Centre of Gravity, Leg Loads, Angles)
Where is the centre of gravity of this combined load, how is the weight shared between the two lifting points, and what does each sling leg carry at its angle?
Open toolUniformly Accelerated Motion and Falling Bodies
How fast and how far does this body travel under constant acceleration, or how fast does it hit the ground?
Open toolVibration Isolator Selection
What mount stiffness and static deflection isolate this machine at its running speed, and how well do my chosen mounts work?
Open toolWall Jib Crane Check (Tie Tension, Beam Bending and Axial Stress, Deflection, Wall Bolts)
For a wall-mounted jib with a tie rod, how much tension is in the tie, are the beam stress and deflection within limits, and can the top wall bolts take the pull?
Open toolWedge Force with Friction
What force drives this wedge under a load, and will it stay in place?
Open toolWind Load on a Sign or Panel Post (Force, Base Moment, Stress, Deflection)
What wind force does this sign or panel take, what bending stress does it put in the supporting tube post, and how far does the top deflect?
Open toolWind Pressure and Force on a Surface
What force and overturning moment does wind at this speed put on this sign, guard or structure?
Open toolWindlass, Gear Hoist and Differential Pulley Effort
What effort lifts this load with a windlass, geared winch, rope block or differential chain pulley?
Open toolWire Rope on Sheaves and Drums (Radial Pressure, Bending Stress and Load, Drum Capacity)
For a wire rope running over a sheave and onto a drum, is the radial pressure within the sheave material's limit, how much does bending add to the rope load, what factor remains against breaking, and will the drum hold the rope I need?
Open toolWire Rope Reeving: Line Pull and Safety Factor
What pull is on the hoist rope with this reeving, and is the rope’s safety factor enough?
Open toolBeam Cases: Fixed, Guided, Propped and Partial Loads
What moments and deflection does this less common beam case give?
Open toolBeam Cases: Off-Centre, Fixed and Propped
What reactions, moment, stress and deflection does this beam case give?
Open toolBeam Drop Impact Check (I-Section Properties, Impact Factor, Dynamic Stress)
If a load drops onto this I-beam, what impact factor, dynamic stress and deflection result, and is the section strong enough?
Open toolBeam of Uniform Strength: Safe Load, Size and Outline
For a cantilever or simply supported beam shaped to uniform strength (tapered depth or width), what load can it carry at the safe stress, what depth or width does it need for my load, and what is its depth or width at a point along the span?
Open toolBeam Sizing for Strength and Deflection
What section modulus and second moment of area does this beam need for its loads, span and deflection limit?
Open toolC-Frame Throat Check (Curved-Beam Stress, Straight-Beam Comparison, Depth Needed)
Is the throat of this C-frame press or clamp strong enough, how much does the inside corner curvature raise the stress, and what throat depth would meet my allowable?
Open toolCantilever Rack Arm Check (Arm Section, Bending Stress, Tip Deflection, Column Bolts)
For a cantilever racking arm carrying a uniform load, are its bending stress and tip deflection within limits, and can the bolts at the column take the pull?
Open toolCentrifuge Bowl Check (Self Hoop Stress, Liquid Ring Pressure, Total Hoop Stress, Speed Limit)
For a spinning centrifuge bowl or basket holding a ring of liquid, how high is the hoop stress from its own spin and from the liquid pressure, and how fast may it run?
Open toolCircular Cover Plate Design (Thickness for Stress and Deflection)
How thick must this flat circular cover be to carry the pressure within the allowable stress and deflection, and what end force does it put on the bolts?
Open toolCircular Flat Plate under Pressure
What stress and deflection does uniform pressure cause in this round plate?
Open toolColumn Buckling (Euler and Johnson)
What load will buckle this column or strut, and is the safety factor enough?
Open toolColumn Formula Comparison (Rankine, Euler and Classic Safe Load)
How do the Rankine, Euler and classic working-stress column formulas compare for this strut, and does it carry my load by each?
Open toolColumn Strength by Rankine–Gordon
What load will this column carry by the Rankine–Gordon formula?
Open toolCombined Axial and Biaxial Bending Stress
What are the corner stresses in this rectangular section under axial load and bending about both axes?
Open toolCompression Strut Sizing (Euler or Johnson, Round Bar or Tube)
What is the smallest round bar or tube that carries this compressive load with my safety factor against buckling, and how does my chosen size compare?
Open toolContinuous Beam over Two Spans
What reactions, moments and deflections does this beam continuous over three supports have?
Open toolCrane Hook Design (Curved-Beam Stress, Proof Load and Shank)
Is this lifting hook strong enough at its working load and proof load, allowing for the curvature, and is the threaded shank strong enough?
Open toolCurved Beam and Hook Stress
What are the inner and outer fibre stresses in this curved beam or hook section?
Open toolDrop Impact on a Beam (Impact Factor, Stress and Safe Drop Height)
How much stress and deflection does a mass dropped on this beam cause, and from what height can it fall before the beam is overstressed?
Open toolEccentrically Loaded Column (Secant Formula)
What is the peak stress in this column with an offset load, and what load factor brings it to yield?
Open toolFatigue Design Check (Corrected Endurance, Notch, Mean Stress, Life)
Will this notched part survive its fluctuating load indefinitely, and if not, how many cycles will it last?
Open toolFatigue Life from the S-N Curve (Steel)
How many cycles will this steel part survive at this alternating stress?
Open toolFatigue Notch Factor from Stress Concentration
How much does this notch, fillet or groove reduce fatigue strength?
Open toolFatigue Safety Factor (Goodman)
Is this fluctuating stress safe for infinite life by the Goodman, Soderberg and Gerber criteria?
Open toolHand Lever Design Check (Effort, Fulcrum Reaction, Arm Bending, Fulcrum Pin)
For a hand or foot lever carrying one or more loads, what effort does it take, and are the lever arm and the fulcrum pin strong enough?
Open toolHertz Contact Stress
What contact pressure develops between these curved bodies under load?
Open toolHollow Shaft Conversion (Brittle Material, Size, Weight, Twist)
If I make this cast-iron (brittle) shaft hollow, what outside and bore diameters keep it as strong, how much weight do I save, and does it still fit and stay stiff enough?
Open toolImpact Load on a Beam
What stress and deflection does a dropped weight cause in this beam?
Open toolInterference Fit at Operating Temperature (Different Materials)
If the hub and shaft are different materials, how much interference is left at the operating temperature, does the fit still hold the torque hot, and is the hub overstressed at its tightest?
Open toolInterference Fit Limits Check (IT Grades, Least and Most Interference, Torque, Stress)
With the hole and shaft tolerances I have chosen, will the fit still hold the torque at its least interference, and will the hub be overstressed at its most?
Open toolLifting Lug Design (Plate, Pin and Bearing Checks)
Is this pinned lifting lug strong enough for the sling load: net tension, tear-out, bearing and pin shear?
Open toolOverhang Beam with Tip Load (Uplift, Anchor Bolts, Tip Deflection)
For a beam on two supports with a load out on an overhang, how hard does the back support have to hold the beam down, are the anchor bolts enough, and how far does the tip drop?
Open toolOverhanging Beam
What reactions, moments and deflections does this beam with overhanging ends have?
Open toolPipe Support Span Check (Pipe and Contents Weight, Bending Stress, Sag, Longest Span)
How far apart can the supports for this pipe be, given its weight full of liquid, the bending stress and the sag I can accept?
Open toolPress and Shrink Fit Pressure and Holding Torque
What contact pressure, hub stress and holding torque does this interference give?
Open toolPress Tie Rod Check (Cylinder Force, Rod Thread Stress, Stretch, Nut Engagement)
For a four-post hydraulic press, what load does the cylinder put into the tie rods, is the thread stress within limits, how much do the rods stretch, and are the nuts long enough?
Open toolPressure Cylinder Wall Stress
What stresses does internal pressure cause in this tube or cylinder wall?
Open toolPressure Vessel Shell and Head Thickness Comparison
What wall thickness does this vessel shell need, and how do hemispherical, ellipsoidal and torispherical heads compare?
Open toolPressure Vessel Shell Plan (Required Thickness, Plate Chosen, MAWP, Test Water)
For a cylindrical pressure vessel with 2:1 ellipsoidal heads, what thickness is needed, what working pressure does the plate I have allow, and how much water does the hydrostatic test take?
Open toolPressurised Tube Under Torsion Check (Hoop, Axial and Shear Stress, Principal Stresses, Yield)
For a thin-walled tube under internal pressure that also carries torque and an axial load, what are the principal stresses, and is the safety factor against yield enough?
Open toolPrincipal Stresses and von Mises
What are the principal stresses, maximum shear and von Mises stress for this stress state?
Open toolRectangular Bar in Torsion
What shear stress and twist does torque cause in this rectangular or square bar?
Open toolRestrained Bar Heating (Thermal Stress, Yield and Buckling)
When this bar or pipe is held between fixed supports and heats up, does the thermal stress stay below yield, and will it buckle before then?
Open toolRestrained Thermal Stress
What stress and force build up if this member is prevented from expanding?
Open toolRotating Disc Stress and Burst Margin
What stress does spinning cause in this solid or bored disc, and how fast can it run before yield?
Open toolRound Shaft under Axial Load, Bending and Torsion
What are the combined stresses in this round shaft or bar, and is it safe against yield?
Open toolSection Properties: Ellipse, Hexagon, Triangle, Z and Cross
What are the area, second moments and section moduli of this section?
Open toolSection Properties: I, T, Channel and Angle
What are the area, centroid, second moments and section moduli of this I, T, channel or angle section?
Open toolShaft Critical (Whirling) Speed
At what speed will this shaft whirl, and is the running speed clear of it?
Open toolShaft Critical Speed with Several Masses (Dunkerley and Rayleigh)
What is the first critical speed of this simply supported shaft carrying several discs or pulleys, and is the running speed safely clear of it?
Open toolShaft Deflection and Bearing Slope (Up to Three Loads)
How far does this shaft bend under its gear and pulley loads, how much do the ends tilt in the bearings, and is the bending stress acceptable?
Open toolShaft Design: Strength, Twist and Critical Speed
What shaft diameter satisfies strength, torsional stiffness and critical speed together for this drive?
Open toolShaft Diameter for Bending and Torsion
What shaft diameter carries this bending moment and torque at the allowable shear stress?
Open toolShaft Diameter for Brittle Materials and Hollow Shafts
What diameter does this shaft need by the maximum-normal-stress theory, and how does a hollow shaft compare?
Open toolShock Stress in Beams and Springs (Dropped Weight or Moving Body, Impact Factor, Allowable)
If a weight drops onto my beam or spring, or a moving body runs into it, what peak stress does the shock produce and is it within my allowable stress?
Open toolShrink or Press Fit Design from Required Torque
What interference does a hub need to transmit this torque and thrust, will the hub survive it, and how hot must it be to assemble?
Open toolSpecial Section Beam Check (Section Properties, Beam Case, Stress, Deflection Limit)
For a beam made from a hexagon, ellipse, half-round, triangle or holed round bar, what are its section properties, and are the bending stress and deflection within limits for my supports and loads?
Open toolSpherical Pressure Vessel Design (Thickness, Stress, Capacity, Hydrotest)
How thick must this spherical vessel be for its pressure, what stress and safety factor does the chosen plate give after corrosion, what does it hold and weigh, and is the hydrotest within limits?
Open toolSpherical Shell under Internal Pressure
What stress does internal pressure cause in this spherical vessel or dished end?
Open toolSquare and Rectangular Flat Plates
What stress and deflection does this square or rectangular plate have under load?
Open toolSteel Column Safe Stress (Classic AISC Formulas)
What safe unit stress and load do the classic AISC column formulas give for this slenderness?
Open toolTank Stand Leg Check (Full Tank Weight, Load per Leg, Leg Buckling)
For a vertical tank standing on tubular legs, what does it weigh full, how much does each leg carry, and are the legs safe against buckling?
Open toolTank Wall Panel under Liquid Pressure (Force, Plate Stress, Deflection)
What liquid pressure and force act on this flat tank wall, and is a panel between stiffeners thick enough in stress and deflection?
Open toolThin Ring Loaded Across a Diameter (Bending Stress, Diameter Changes, Safe Load)
When two opposite forces squeeze or pull my thin ring across a diameter, what is the bending stress, how much do the diameters change, and what load can it take at my allowable stress?
Open toolThin-Walled Closed Tube in Torsion
What shear stress and twist does torque cause in this thin-walled round or rectangular tube?
Open toolThree-Dimensional Principal Stresses
What are the three principal stresses, maximum shear and von Mises stress for this 3D stress state?
Open toolTorque Tube and End Weld Check (Shear, Twist, Weld Throat Stress)
Is this round or rectangular tube strong and stiff enough to carry the torque, and is the fillet weld that joins it to its end plate big enough?
Open toolTorsion Member Comparison (Solid Bar, Tube or Rectangle)
For this torque, how do a solid round bar, a round tube and a rectangular bar compare in shear stress, twist and weight, and does the one I chose pass?
Open toolTriaxial Stress Check (Principal Stresses, von Mises, Tresca, Strains)
For this three-dimensional stress state, what are the principal stresses, how close is it to yield by von Mises and by Tresca, and what strains will a gauge or a fit see?
Open toolTube Collapse under External Pressure
At what external pressure will this long tube collapse, and is the margin enough?
Open toolTube or Shell under External Pressure (Collapse Thickness and Factor)
How thick must this long tube or vacuum shell be to resist collapse under the outside pressure, and what safety factor does the chosen wall give after corrosion?
Open toolTube Post with Eccentric Load (Section, Secant Formula, Load Factor)
Is this round tube post or column safe under a load applied off its centreline, and how much more load would bring it to yield?
Open toolTwo-Span Stringer Check (Continuous Beam, Deflection, Support Reactions)
Is a beam running continuously over three supports strong and stiff enough for this load, and can the middle support take its share?
Open toolVertical Storage Tank Shell Thickness by Course
How thick must each shell course of this vertical liquid storage tank be, and what does the shell weigh?
Open toolBall Detent Check (Spring Preload, Release Force, Spring Stress at Full Rise)
For a spring-loaded ball detent or plunger, what force does it take to push it out of its notch, and is the spring stressed within limits when the ball rides up?
Open toolCompression Spring Designer (Two Working Points)
What wire size, coils and free length make a compression spring that gives these two loads at these two lengths?
Open toolCompression Spring Fatigue Check (Working Stroke, Goodman Factor)
Will this compression spring survive millions of cycles between its preload and working lengths, by the Goodman criterion and against first-cycle yield?
Open toolDisc (Belleville) Spring Load and Stress
What force and stress does this disc spring, or stack, give at a deflection?
Open toolDisc Spring Forces, Stresses and Fatigue Life (Corrected Outside Diameter, Critical Points, Life Equations)
For a stack of disc (Belleville) springs without contact surfaces working between a minimum and a maximum deflection, what forces do they give, what are the stresses at the critical points, which point governs fatigue, how many cycles will they last, and are the dimension ratios sensible?
Open toolDisc Spring Stack Design
How many disc springs in series and in parallel give this force over this stroke?
Open toolExtension Spring Designer (Body, Hooks, Initial Tension, Frequency)
Will this extension spring carry its working load without overstressing the body or the hooks, is the initial tension sensible, and how high is its natural frequency?
Open toolFlat and Leaf Spring
How much does this flat or leaf spring deflect, and how highly is it stressed?
Open toolHelical Compression Spring Design Check
What rate, load and stress will this compression spring have at its working length?
Open toolHelical Extension Spring Check
What load and body stress will this extension spring have at its working extension?
Open toolHelical Torsion Spring Check
How far will this torsion spring wind, how highly stressed is it and will it still fit its arbor?
Open toolLid Counterbalance with Torsion Springs (Balance, Handle Force, Spring Stress)
Will these torsion springs counterbalance my hinged lid so it is easy to lift and stays open, and are the springs within stress when wound up?
Open toolNested Compression Spring Check (Load Share, Stresses, Solid Length, Clearance)
If I nest an inner spring inside an outer one, what load does the pair give at the working length, how is it shared, are both springs within stress, and do they fit together?
Open toolRelief Valve Spring Check (Cracking Pressure, Full-Lift Pressure, Overpressure, Spring Stress)
For a direct-acting relief or check valve held shut by a coil spring, what pressure does it crack at, how much higher is it at full lift, and is the spring stressed within limits?
Open toolSemi-Elliptic Leaf Spring Design (Leaves for Stress and Deflection)
How many leaves does this semi-elliptic spring need for the load within the allowable stress and deflection, and what rate will it have?
Open toolSpring Clamp Hydraulic Release Check (Clamp Force, Release Pressure, Spring Stress)
For a clamp or brake held on by springs and released by a hydraulic piston, is the spring clamping force enough, what pressure releases it, and are the springs stressed within limits when released?
Open toolSprings in Series or Parallel
What is the combined rate of these springs, and how is the load shared?
Open toolSquare versus Round Wire Spring Comparison (Rate, Load, Stress, Solid Length)
In the same space, would a square-wire or a round-wire compression spring of the same size give me the load I need within stress?
Open toolSquare-Wire Compression Spring
What rate, load and stress does this square-wire compression spring have?
Open toolTorsion Bar Spring
What rate, twist and shear stress does this torsion bar spring have?
Open toolTorsion Bar Spring Design (Diameter for Stress and Twist)
What diameter must this torsion bar be to carry the torque within the allowable shear stress and twist, and what rate and stroke will it give?
Open toolTorsion Spring Designer (Angle, Stress, Legs and Arbor)
How far will this torsion spring wind under the load, is the bending stress within the allowable, and will it still clear the arbor when wound up?
Open toolManufacturing & Production
Machining, fabrication, operations, capacity and stock.
Angular Cutter or Taper Reamer Fluting Set-up (Head Angle and Indexing)
To flute an angular cutter or taper reamer blank on a dividing head, at what angle do I set the head and what index setting moves between teeth?
Open toolAnodizing Plan (Time, Current, Tank Heat, Loads and Cost per Part)
How long does this anodizing load take to reach thickness, can the rectifier supply it, how much heat must the tank cooling remove, and what does each part cost?
Open toolAnodizing Time and Coating Thickness
How long must this part anodize to reach the coating thickness, and how much current is needed?
Open toolBall-Nose Effective Diameter
What cutting diameter is engaged at this shallow axial depth?
Open toolBall-Nose Finishing Plan (Stepover, Speed, Feed and Time)
What stepover gives my target cusp height with this ball-nose cutter, what speed suits its effective diameter, and how long will finishing the area take?
Open toolBall-Nose Scallop Height and Stepover
What scallop height does this stepover leave, or what stepover gives the target height?
Open toolBand Saw Cutting Time
How long does each cut take on the band saw, and how many cuts per hour?
Open toolBandsaw Cutting Plan (Time, Bars, Blades and Cost per Cut)
How long will this batch of saw cuts take, how many bars and blades will it use, and what does each cut cost?
Open toolBar Stock for Screw Machine Parts
How many parts does each bar give, and how much bar stock do I order for this quantity?
Open toolBar Stock Plan for Bar-Fed Parts (Bars, Yield, Material Cost, Machine Time)
How many bars do I need for this batch of bar-fed parts, how much of the bar ends up as parts, what does the material cost, and how long will the run take?
Open toolBoring Bar Deflection
How far will this boring bar deflect under the cutting force, and is the overhang reasonable?
Open toolBoring Bar Overhang Check (Deflection, Diameter Error, Natural Frequency, Longest Overhang)
At this overhang and cut, how far does the boring bar deflect, how much diameter error does that cause, how stiff and how lively is the bar, and how long could the overhang be for the tolerance?
Open toolBroach Tooth Pitch
What tooth pitch should this broach have for its chip space and machine capacity?
Open toolBroaching Plan (Pitch, Teeth, Force, Broach Length and Time)
What tooth pitch and how many teeth does this broach need, what pull does it take, how long is the broach, and how long does each part take?
Open toolCenterless Grinding Through-Feed Rate
How fast do parts pass through this centerless grinder, and how many per minute?
Open toolChip Thickness and Specific Cutting Force
What mean chip thickness does this cut produce, and what specific cutting force results?
Open toolCircular Interpolation Feed
What tool-centre feed gives the specified feed around a circular wall?
Open toolCNC Arc Linearisation Chord Error
What chord error do these line segments leave on an arc, or what segment length meets a tolerance?
Open toolCNC Arc Segmentation and Feed Check (Chord Tolerance, Block Rate, Achievable Feed)
If my CAM output breaks this arc into straight segments within my tolerance, how short are the segments, can the control process them fast enough at my feed, and what feed can it actually hold?
Open toolCountersink Depth and Breakthrough
How deep is this countersink, and will it reach the opposite face?
Open toolCutting Insert Consumption and Reorder Plan (Tool Life, Parts per Edge, Monthly Use, Reorder Point)
At this cutting speed, how many parts does each insert edge make, how many inserts will I use each month and what do they cost per part, and is my stock above the reorder point?
Open toolCutting Speed Adjusted from the Feed and Speed Tables (Turning, Milling, Drilling)
Starting from the optimum and average feed and speed pair in the handbook’s speed tables, what cutting speed, spindle speed and feed rate do I get for my feed, depth and width of cut once the table adjustment factors are applied, and is my feed inside the recommended range for side milling?
Open toolCutting Speed and Spindle RPM
What RPM corresponds to the chosen cutting speed?
Open toolCutting Speed or Feed for Full Machine Power
How fast can this cut run before it uses all the available spindle power?
Open toolCutting Tool Deflection and Depth-of-Cut Limit
How far will this end mill or boring bar deflect under the cut, and what depth keeps it within tolerance?
Open toolCylindrical Grinding Planner (Traverse: Speeds, Power and Time)
What wheel and work speeds, removal rate and spindle power does this traverse cylindrical grinding job need, and how long will it take?
Open toolDividing-Head Angle for Milling Clutch Teeth
At what angle must the dividing head be set to mill these saw-tooth or V-shaped clutch teeth?
Open toolDividing-Head Setting for Fluting Angular Cutters and Taper Reamers
At what angle do I set the dividing head to flute the teeth of this angular cutter or taper reamer?
Open toolDowntime Cost
What does downtime really cost?
Open toolDrill Sizes: Number, Letter, Fraction and Metric
What is the decimal size of this number or letter drill, or which drills are closest to a size?
Open toolDrilling Cycle Planner (Speed, Feed, Thrust, Power and Time)
What speed and feed do I run this drill at, will the machine and workholding take the thrust, and how long will the holes take?
Open toolDrilling Fixture Clamp Check (Drill Torque, Clamp Force to Stop Rotation, Strap Clamp Screw)
When drilling a part held by strap clamps, what torque does the drill put on it, how much clamping force stops it spinning, and are the clamp screws strong enough?
Open toolDrilling Power, Torque and Thrust
What power, torque and thrust does this drill need?
Open toolDrilling Travel and Time
What feed travel and time does a through-hole need?
Open toolDrop Hammer Forging Plan (Force Needed, Set per Blow, Number of Blows)
For upsetting or forging a part under a drop hammer, how far will each blow squeeze it, and how many blows will it take?
Open toolEDM Sinker Plan (Current for the Electrode, Duty Cycle, Roughing and Finishing Time, Electrode Wear and Sizes)
For sinking a cavity by EDM, what current suits the electrode, how long will roughing and finishing take, how many roughing electrodes will wear out, what size must they be, and what does the cavity cost?
Open toolElectroplating Plan (Time, Current, Loads and Cost per Part)
How long must this load plate to reach the thickness, can the rectifier supply the current, how many loads does the batch take, and what does it cost per part?
Open toolElectroplating Thickness and Time (Faraday)
How long must this part be plated to reach the thickness, and what current does it need?
Open toolEquivalent Chip Thickness (ECT) and Cutting Forces
What equivalent chip thickness, removal rate, cutting force and power does this turning cut give?
Open toolFace Milling Power Plan (Teeth, Chip Thickness, kc, Spindle Power)
How many teeth should my face mill have for this cut, what specific cutting force applies at the actual chip thickness, and does the spindle have the power?
Open toolFinish Turning Set-up (Feed for Finish, Nose-Radius Compensation, Time)
What feed gives my surface finish with this insert nose radius, how much does the nose radius distort a chamfer or taper if not compensated, and how long is the finishing pass?
Open toolFixture Clamping Force and Clamp Screw Torque
How much clamping force holds this workpiece against the cutting forces, and how tight must each clamp screw be?
Open toolForging Hammer Efficiency by the Heim Lead Cylinder Test (Work per Blow and Efficiency)
If I let my forging or drop hammer strike a pure lead cylinder and measure how much it was shortened, how much work does each blow do, how much useful power does the hammer deliver at its blow rate, and how efficient is it against the power it takes?
Open toolForm Tool Profile Plan (Step Depths and Angles on a Flat or Circular Tool)
For a form tool cutting a stepped or angled profile, what depths and angles must be ground on the tool for each step, and does the profile fit the tool?
Open toolForming Tool Step Depths and Angles
What depth and angle must I grind on a flat or circular forming tool to produce these steps on the work?
Open toolGrinding Economic Wheel Life and Wheel Speed
From the time to replace the wheel, the cost per dressing and the hourly rate, what is the equivalent tooling-cost time and the economic wheel life, and what wheel speed, removal rate and work speed follow from my Taylor constant at the economic life?
Open toolGrinding Equivalent Diameter and G-Ratio
What is the equivalent wheel diameter for this cylindrical grind, and what G-ratio was achieved?
Open toolGrinding Force, Torque and Power from Equivalent Chip Thickness
For my equivalent chip thickness, width of cut and specific grinding force, what tangential and normal grinding forces act on the wheel, and what torque and power does the wheel spindle need?
Open toolGrinding Wheel Cost Plan (Wear from G-Ratio, Dressing, Parts per Wheel, Cost per Part)
How much grinding wheel does each part use up through wear and dressing, how many parts will one wheel do, and what do the wheel and the grinding time cost per part?
Open toolGrinding Wheel Life and Removal Rate Plan (Taylor Line at an Equivalent Chip Thickness, Shop Calibration)
For grinding at a chosen equivalent chip thickness, what wheel speed gives the wheel life I want, what specific removal rate and work speed follow, how long does a pass take, and how do I correct the standard Taylor constant with one result from my own shop?
Open toolGrinding Wheel Speed and Removal Rate
Is this wheel running within its marked maximum speed, and what removal rate does the grind give?
Open toolInch Milling Setup Check (Speed, Feed, Removal Rate, Spindle Power)
For a milling cut set up in surface feet and inches per tooth, what spindle speed and table feed do I program, and does the machine have the speed and power for it?
Open toolInjection Moulded Part Cost (Clamp, Cycle, Machine, Material, Mould)
Will my moulding machine run this mould, how many parts an hour will it make, and what does each part cost in machine time, plastic and mould against my target price?
Open toolInjection Moulding Clamp, Shot, Cooling and Cycle Estimate
What clamp force and shot size does this mould need, how long will it take to cool, and how many parts per hour will it make?
Open toolInverse Time Feed Rate (G93)
What inverse-time F value programs this move at the feed I want?
Open toolJaw Clutch Milling Set-up (Dividing-Head Angle and Indexing)
To mill the teeth of this jaw clutch on a dividing head, at what angle do I tilt the head, and what index setting moves from one tooth to the next?
Open toolKnurling Blank Diameter for Tracking
What blank diameter lets this knurl track cleanly with a whole number of teeth?
Open toolKnurling Set-up (Tracking Blank Diameter, Speed, Time)
Will my knurl track on this blank diameter, what diameter should I turn to instead, and what speed and time does the knurling pass need?
Open toolLaser Cutting Plan (Focused Spot, Power Density, Depth of Focus, Cutting Speed by Power and Thickness, Time and Cost)
For laser cutting a sheet, how small is the focused spot, is the power density high enough, does the depth of focus cover the sheet's height variation, how fast can it cut, and what does each part cost?
Open toolLathe Chuck Grip Force and Speed Limit
How much grip does the chuck need to hold this cut, how much is lost at speed, and how fast can it safely run?
Open toolLocating Three Holes by the Disk Method (Disk Diameters from Centre Distances)
To locate three precision holes on the lathe or for checking by three disks whose rims touch, what diameter must each disk be so that its centre falls on its hole, given the three centre distances between the holes?
Open toolMachine Coolant System Sizing
How much coolant flow, tank volume and pump power does this machine need?
Open toolMachine Load
How heavily loaded is this machine?
Open toolMachine Spindle Speed Range Design (Geometric Series and Speed Loss)
What spindle speed range covers my diameters and cutting speeds, what step ratio do my number of speeds give, and how much cutting speed is lost between steps?
Open toolMilling Cut Planner (Speed, Thinned Feed, Power and Torque)
What spindle speed and feed should I program for this milling cut, and will the machine have the power?
Open toolMilling Cutter Clearance Grinding Set-up (Clearance Needed, Wheel and Tooth-Rest Offsets, Indicator Drops)
When I sharpen a milling cutter on a cutter grinder, what clearance angle does the cut need, how far must I offset the wheel or the tooth rest from the cutter centre to grind that angle with a disc or cup wheel, and what indicator drop should I see when I check it?
Open toolMilling Feed, Removal Rate and Time
What feed, removal rate and cutting time follow from this setup?
Open toolMilling Mean Chip Thickness and Equivalent Chip Thickness (Feed per Tooth for Light Radial Cuts)
In end, side or face milling with a given radial depth, cutter diameter, number of teeth and feed per tooth, what is the angle of engagement, the mean chip thickness and the equivalent chip thickness, and what feed per tooth keeps the chip as thick as I want when the radial cut is light?
Open toolMilling Power and Spindle Torque
What power and torque does this milling cut need, and can the spindle deliver it?
Open toolMilling Time and Cost per Part with Tool Life
How long does this milling operation take and what does it cost per part, including tool wear and set-up?
Open toolMulti-Start Thread Turning Set-up
What lead, start spacing and Z shift do I program to turn this multi-start thread?
Open toolNumber of Teeth for a Milling Cutter
How many teeth should this face mill or peripheral cutter have for the cut and the power available?
Open toolParting-Off Plan (Spindle Speed Limit, Cutting Force and Power, Parting Time)
When I part off this bar or tube, where does the spindle hit its speed limit, what force and power does the blade need, how long does the cut take, and does it fit my machine and cycle time?
Open toolPolygon Milling Set-up (Stock Size, Depth of Cut, Indexing)
To mill a hexagon (or any regular polygon) on round bar, what stock diameter do I need for sharp corners, how deep is each flat, and what index setting moves between flats?
Open toolPress Flywheel and Motor Check (Stroke Energy, Rim Mass, Rim Stress, Motor Power)
For a mechanical press, does the existing flywheel store enough energy for each stroke, is its rim speed safe, and is the motor big enough to recover it between strokes?
Open toolRack and Batch Fit
How many parts fit on a rack, jig or tray?
Open toolRadial Chip-Thinning Feed
How does reduced radial engagement change feed per tooth?
Open toolReaming Plan (Drilled Size, Stock, Speeds, Cycle Time, Holes per Reamer)
To ream a batch of holes to size, what size should the pilot hole be drilled, how much stock is left, what spindle speeds and cycle time result, and how many holes will a reamer do?
Open toolRotary Axis Feed Plan (Inverse-Time Feed and Axis Rate Limits)
For this combined linear and rotary move, what inverse-time feed gives my cutter feed, do the rotary and linear axes stay within their rate limits, and what feed is actually achievable?
Open toolRubber Pad (Guerin) Forming Pressure and Pad Thickness Check
In rubber pad (Guerin) forming, what pressure does the pad put on the blank for my press capacity and pad area, is it enough for the part, and is the rubber pad thick enough for the height of the form block?
Open toolScrap Cost Impact
What is scrap costing you?
Open toolSetup Reduction Value
Is reducing setup time worth the investment?
Open toolSlender Work Turning Check (Work Deflection, Diameter Error, Steady Rest Spacing)
When turning a long, slender part, how far does the cutting force push the work away from the tool, how much diameter error does that cause, and how far apart must steady rests be to hold the tolerance?
Open toolSlot Milling against High-Speed End Milling (Feed Rate, Equivalent Tooling Time, Cost per Part)
Does full slot end milling or high-speed end milling with a light radial cut cost less per part for my cut length, cutter, feeds, speeds and tooling costs, and by how much?
Open toolSmall Cutter and Drill Stiffness and Deflection
How much stiffness do I lose by choosing a smaller or longer micro end mill or drill, and how far will it deflect?
Open toolSmall Tool Substitution Check (Stiffness Change, Deflection, Feed to Hold Tolerance)
If I swap to a smaller or longer micro tool, how much stiffness do I lose, how far will it deflect under the cutting force, and what feed keeps deflection within my limit?
Open toolSpade Drilling Plan (Speed, Power, Thrust, Time)
At my cutting speed and feed, what power and thrust does this spade drill need, will the machine take it, and how long is each hole?
Open toolSpade Drilling Power and Thrust
What power and thrust does this spade drilling operation need?
Open toolSpeeds and Feeds in Inch Units
What spindle speed and feed rate follow from this SFM and chip load?
Open toolSpline Shaft Milling Cutter (Cutter Angle and Chordal Width at the Root)
To mill a straight-sided splined shaft with a formed cutter, what included angle must the cutter have and what chordal width must its concave edge have so that it cuts the space between two splines down to the root diameter?
Open toolStock Removal Plan (Bar Volume, Chips, Machining Time, Power)
How much of this bar blank turns into chips, how long does it take to remove at my cutting conditions, and does the machine have the power?
Open toolSurface and Cylindrical Grinding Cycle Time
How long will this surface, traverse or plunge grinding operation take?
Open toolSurface Finish Change with Tool Nose Radius (Colding Rule)
If I change the tool nose radius while keeping the same equivalent chip thickness and speed, how much will the surface roughness Ra change in finishing and in roughing, and what nose radius would reach my target Ra?
Open toolSurface Grinding Planner (Speeds, Removal Rate, Power and Time)
What wheel speed, removal rate and spindle power does this surface grinding job need, and how long will it take?
Open toolTaper Shank Holding Check (Drilling Torque, Thrust, Taper Friction Torque, Self-Holding)
When a taper-shank drill cuts, can the friction in the taper alone carry the drilling torque, or does the tool need its tang or a drawbar, and is the taper self-holding?
Open toolTaper Turning Set-Up (Taper per Foot, Half Angle, Tailstock Offset, Compound Setting)
For a taper of given end diameters and length, what taper per foot and angle is it, how far must I offset the tailstock, and should I use the compound slide instead?
Open toolTapping Feed and Thread Lead
What synchronous feed matches this thread lead?
Open toolTaylor Tool Life and Economic Cutting Speed
How long will the tool last at this speed, and what speed gives the lowest cost per part?
Open toolThread Milling Plan (Speed, Feeds, Radial Passes and Batch Time)
What spindle speed and programmed feed does this thread mill need, how many radial passes for the depth, and how long will a batch of threads take?
Open toolThread Milling Tool Path and Feed
What tool-centre path and programmed feed does this helical thread milling operation need?
Open toolThrough-Feed Centerless Grinding Plan (Feed, Passes, Output, Angle)
How many parts per hour will this through-feed centerless set-up give with the passes the stock needs, and what regulating-wheel angle would reach my target?
Open toolTool Nose Radius Compensation for Tapers
How far must the programmed taper line move to allow for the insert nose radius?
Open toolTooling Payback
How quickly will new tooling pay back?
Open toolTop Knurling on an Automatic Screw Machine (Cam Rise and Revolutions)
When I top knurl from the cross slide of an automatic screw machine, how far must the knurl travel from first contact to the centre of the work, how much rise does that need on the cam, and how many spindle revolutions and how much time does it take at my feed?
Open toolTrepanning Plan (Ring Cut Power, Torque, Time and Core against Solid Drilling)
Should a large hole be trepanned or drilled solid: what power, torque and time does each need, how much metal does trepanning leave as a usable core, and can the machine do it?
Open toolTurning Cusp Height
What ideal peak-to-valley cusp follows from feed and nose radius?
Open toolTurning Cut Planner (Speed, Power, Torque, Finish and Time)
What spindle speed, power and torque does this turning cut need, what surface finish will the feed and nose radius give, and how long will it take?
Open toolTurning Cut Power Check (Equivalent Chip Thickness, Cutting Forces, Power, Speed Limit)
Will this turning cut fit within the lathe’s spindle power, what forces does it put on the tool, and how fast could I run before the power runs out?
Open toolTurning Cutting Force and Power
What cutting force, power and torque does this turning cut need, and can the machine deliver it?
Open toolTurning Cycle Time and Cost per Part with Tool Life
What does each turned part cost at this speed, and how much would the minimum-cost speed save?
Open toolTurning Feed and Cutting Time
How long will a straight turning pass take?
Open toolTurning Feed for Surface Finish (Ra)
What surface finish does this feed and nose radius give, or what feed achieves the target Ra?
Open toolVacuum Table Workholding Check (Holding Force, Milling Force, Sliding Safety Factor)
Will a vacuum table hold this plate without sliding while I mill it, and what feed rate keeps the safety factor I need?
Open toolWire EDM Cut Plan (Kerf, Wire Offset and Corner Radius, Cutting and Skim Time, Wire Use, Tension, Cost)
For a wire EDM profile, how wide is the cut, what is the smallest inside corner the wire can make, how long will the main cut and skims take, how much wire is used, is the wire tension safe, and what does the part cost?
Open toolYield and First-pass Yield
How much good output are you getting from input?
Open toolAngle Ring Cut Plan (Cut Length, Bars, Joints, Waste, Mass)
How long do I cut angle or flat bar to roll into rings for this shell, how many stock bars and joints do I need, and how much is wasted?
Open toolBent Bracket Plan (Flat Blank, Bend Force, Springback)
For this bent sheet-metal bracket, what flat blank do I cut, what press brake force do the bends need, and to what angle must I bend to allow for springback?
Open toolBrazed Sleeve Joint Plan (Overlap, Joint and Tube Capacity, Clearance, Filler)
For a tube brazed or soldered into a sleeve, how much overlap do I need, does the joint carry my load, is the clearance right and how much filler does it take?
Open toolButt Weld Quantity and Cost Check (Groove Area, Weld Metal, Arc Time, Cost against Quote)
For a butt weld with a V, double-V, bevel or square preparation, how much weld metal, filler and arc time does it take, what does it cost, and does my quoted price cover it?
Open toolCarbon Equivalent and Weldability
What carbon equivalent does this steel have, and does it suggest preheat?
Open toolCasting Gating System Choke Area
What choke (sprue) area fills this mould in the planned pouring time?
Open toolCasting Pattern Plan (Machining Allowance, Shrinkage, Casting and Pour Weight)
For a block-shaped casting, what pattern dimensions do I make with machining and shrinkage allowances, what will the casting weigh, and how much metal must I pour?
Open toolCasting Pour Plan (Riser, Feed Volume, Gating and Ladle)
Will this riser feed the casting, how much metal must I pour including riser and gating, what choke area gives my pour time, and is the ladle big enough?
Open toolCasting Solidification Time and Riser Check
Will this cylindrical riser solidify after the casting, and what pattern size allows for shrinkage?
Open toolCoating Job Estimate (Coats, Material, Thinner, Labour, Film)
How much coating, thinner and labour does this paint or powder job take for all its coats, what does it cost per square metre, and is the wet film within the sag limit?
Open toolDeep Drawing and Ironing Punch Force
What punch force does this drawing or ironing operation need?
Open toolDeep Drawing Plan (Blank, Draws, Forces and Press)
What blank does this drawn cup need, how many draws will it take, and what punch and blank-holder forces must the press supply?
Open toolDeep Drawing Reduction Sequence
How many draws does this shell need, and what diameter should each draw produce?
Open toolDrawn Shell Blank Diameter and Draws
What blank diameter is needed for this drawn cup, and how many draws will it take?
Open toolFillet Weld Cost per Metre
What does this fillet weld cost per metre in labour, filler and gas?
Open toolFillet Weld Joint Design and Cost
What fillet weld size does this joint need, and what will the weld metal, time and cost be?
Open toolFillet Weld Quantity
How much deposited metal and consumable does this fillet require?
Open toolFillet Weld Strength
Can these fillet welds carry the load, and what leg size is needed?
Open toolGuillotine Shear Check (Cutting Force, Energy, Power, Thickest Sheet)
Can this guillotine shear cut my sheet: what force and energy does each cut take, does the motor keep up at my stroke rate, and what is the thickest sheet it can cut in this material?
Open toolGuillotine Shearing Force
What force does it take to shear this sheet or plate, and can the shear do it?
Open toolHopper and Bin Design (Capacity, Wall Angle, Plate Mass)
How much material will this round bin with a conical hopper hold, is the cone steep enough for the material to flow, and what will the shell plate weigh?
Open toolIntermittent Fillet Weld Plan (Continuous Leg, Segment Count and Pitch, Cost Saving)
For a lightly loaded joint, can I use intermittent fillet welds instead of a continuous weld, how many segments at what pitch, and how much does it save?
Open toolLap Joint Overlap (Brazed, Soldered or Bonded)
How much overlap does this brazed, soldered or bonded lap joint need?
Open toolLength of Angle or Bar Bent to a Ring
What length of angle iron or bar do I cut to roll this ring inside or outside a tank?
Open toolMechanical (Crank) Press Capacity Above Bottom
How much force can this crank press deliver at the height where my operation happens, and is it enough?
Open toolMinimum and Maximum Bend Radius
What is the smallest bend radius this sheet takes without cracking, and the largest that still forms permanently?
Open toolOval Tank Capacity and Weight (Elliptical Section, Shell Plate, Full Mass)
How much does this oval (elliptical) tank hold, how much plate does it take, and what will it weigh full?
Open toolPaint and Powder Coating Coverage
How much paint or powder is needed to coat this area at the specified film thickness?
Open toolPattern Size for Shrinkage and Casting Weight from Pattern
How big must the pattern be to give this casting size, and roughly what will the casting weigh?
Open toolPerforated Plate Design (Hole Size for Open Area, Punching Force, Ligament)
What hole size gives my target open area at this pitch, what force does a gang of punches need, and is the ligament between holes wide enough for the sheet?
Open toolPerforated Sheet Open Area and Hole Count
What open area, hole count and weight does a perforated sheet with this hole and pitch have?
Open toolPlate Shear Capacity Check (Shearing Force, Largest Thickness, Knife Length)
Can my guillotine or plate shear cut this plate, and what is the thickest plate of this material it can cut?
Open toolPress Brake Bending Force
What tonnage does this V-die bend need, and is the press brake big enough?
Open toolPress Brake Set-up: Die, Radius, Flange and Tonnage
Which V-die should I use for this bend, what inside radius and minimum flange will it give, and is the press brake big enough?
Open toolPress Tonnage for a Compound or Progressive Die
What total press force does this die need for blanking, piercing, bending and drawing together, and is the press big enough?
Open toolPunching Force Estimate
What ideal force follows from the total cut perimeter?
Open toolPunching Operation Plan (Force, Stripping, Punch Stress, Clearance)
What force does this punching operation need with stripping, is the punch strong enough, what die clearance should I use, and is the press big enough?
Open toolRolled Plate Plan (Roll-To Radius for Springback, Blank Length, Radius Inspection)
To what radius must I roll this plate so it springs back to the radius I want, how long is the blank, and does my roll-gauge measurement show the radius is within tolerance?
Open toolSegmented Flange Ring Plan (Segment Size, Plate Fit, Yield, Welds)
If I make this large flange ring from segments cut out of plate, how big is each segment’s rectangle, will it fit my plate, and how much plate is wasted?
Open toolShear Spinning Blank Thickness and Force
How thick must the blank be for this shear-spun cone, and what force and power does the roller need?
Open toolShear Spun Cone Plan (Blank, Reduction, Roller Force, Power, Time)
What blank do I need to shear spin this cone, is the thickness reduction within what the material will take, and is the lathe powerful enough?
Open toolShearing Force for Parallel and Inclined Blades
What force does it take to shear this sheet or bar, with parallel or inclined (rake) blades?
Open toolSheet and Plate Bend Feasibility (Radius Limits, Springback, Press Force)
Can this material be bent to my inside radius without cracking or springing back flat, what angle must I bend to, and is the press brake big enough?
Open toolSheet Bend Allowance and Deduction
What developed length follows from this bend and K-factor?
Open toolSheet Metal Bending Springback
How much will this bend spring back, and how far must it be overbent?
Open toolSheet Nesting Yield Check (Parts per Sheet, Material Utilisation, Sheets and Cost per Part)
How many rectangular blanks of this size can I cut from a standard sheet, what share of the sheet do they use, how many sheets does the order need, and what does the material cost per part?
Open toolSheet-Metal Bracket: Flat Blank, Nesting, Bending Force and Cost
What flat blank, sheet yield, bending force and cost per part does this bent sheet-metal bracket have?
Open toolSheet-Metal Flat Pattern (Up to Four Bends)
What flat blank length gives this formed part with up to four bends, and are the flanges and bend radius workable on the press brake?
Open toolThree-Size Stock Cut Planner
How can these pieces fit into equal-length stock bars?
Open toolTube Bend Developed Length
What centreline length follows from these straights and bends?
Open toolTube Bending Plan (Length, Wall Thinning, Strain and Overbend)
How long a tube do I cut for this bent part, how thin will the outside wall get, is the bend radius tight enough to crack the tube, and how far do I overbend?
Open toolTube Bending Wall Thinning
How much will the tube wall thin on the outside of this bend, and thicken on the inside?
Open toolWeld Preheat and Cooling Time Check (CE, Heat Input, t8/5)
Does this steel need preheat for this thickness, and will my heat input and preheat give a cooling time in the range my procedure wants?
Open toolWelding Arc Energy and Heat Input
What energy per length follows from these arc parameters?
Open toolWeldment Cost Estimate (Weld Metal, Arc Time, Labour, Filler and Gas by Run)
For a fabrication with several fillet welds of different sizes and lengths, how much weld metal, arc time and cost does it take, and does it fit my quoted price?
Open toolBottleneck and Line Balance
Which step is constraining the process?
Open toolCapacity Check
How much can you realistically produce?
Open toolCycle Time vs Takt
What cycle time do you need to meet demand?
Open toolOEE (quick)
How effectively is the equipment being used?
Open toolOEE and Downtime Analysis
How effectively is this production asset being used?
Open toolQueue Wait Check (Utilisation, Chance of Waiting, Average Wait and Queue, Servers Needed)
Jobs arrive at a shared resource such as an inspection bench, a crane or a CNC programmer: how busy is it, how long do jobs wait on average, and how many servers are needed to keep the wait under my target?
Open toolShift Output
How much should one shift realistically produce?
Open toolStaffing Need
How many people are required for this workload?
Open toolTakt Time
What pace must the process achieve?
Open toolWIP and Lead Time Check (Little’s Law, Flow Efficiency, WIP Limit for a Target Lead Time)
With this much work in progress and this output rate, how long does a job take to get through, how much of that time is actual work, and how far must WIP come down to hit my lead-time target?
Open toolDays of Stock Cover
How many days of stock do you have?
Open toolEconomic Order Quantity (EOQ)
What order quantity balances ordering and holding cost?
Open toolEconomic Production Quantity Check (Batch Size, Run Length, Peak Stock, Cost against Current Batch)
When I make a part in batches while it is also being used, what batch size gives the lowest set-up plus holding cost, how long is each run, and how much does my current batch size cost me extra?
Open toolInventory Carrying Cost
What does holding this inventory cost each year?
Open toolReorder Point
When should you reorder?
Open toolSafety Stock
How much buffer stock should you hold?
Open toolMachinery & Power Transmission
Gears, drives, fasteners and threads.
Ball Bearing Load Ratings from Geometry (Basic Dynamic and Static Ratings, L10 Life, Static Safety)
From a ball bearing’s geometry — rows, contact angle, number and diameter of balls — what are its basic dynamic and static load ratings, what L10 life does it give at my equivalent load and speed, and is the static load safe?
Open toolBall Screw Critical Speed and Buckling
Is this ball screw below its critical speed and buckling load?
Open toolBall Screw Life over a Duty Cycle (Mean Load, Mean Speed, Life)
Over my machine’s duty cycle of different loads and speeds, what mean load and speed does the ball screw see, and how long will it last?
Open toolBall Screw Rating Life
How long will this ball screw last at its mean load and speed?
Open toolBall-Screw Axis Stiffness, Preload and Axial Frequency
How stiff is this ball-screw axis, how far will it deflect under load, is the nut preload right, and what is the axial natural frequency?
Open toolBand Brake Stopping Design
Can this band brake stop the load in the time required, what lever force does it need, and how hot does it get?
Open toolBearing and Gear Losses with Circulating Oil Flow
How much heat do these bearings and gears make, and how much circulating oil carries it away?
Open toolBearing Fit and Operating Internal Clearance
How much radial internal clearance will this bearing have once it is pressed on and running warm, and could it go into preload?
Open toolBelt Conveyor Drive Sizing
What belt pull and motor power does this belt conveyor need, and will the drive pulley grip without slipping?
Open toolBelt Drive Tensions and Shaft Load
What belt tensions and shaft load are needed to transmit this power without slipping?
Open toolCaliper Disc Brake Design (Clamp Force, Pad Pressure, Heat)
What clamp force does this caliper disc brake need to stop the inertia in time, is the pad pressure acceptable, and how hot does the disc get per stop?
Open toolCentrifugal Clutch Check (Engagement Speed, Torque at Running Speed, Idle Clearance)
For a centrifugal clutch with spring-held shoes, at what speed does it start to engage, how much torque does it carry at running speed, and will it stay free at idle?
Open toolChain Conveyor Pull and Drive Sizing
What chain pull, sprocket torque and motor power does this chain conveyor need, and is the chain strong enough?
Open toolChain Linear Speed
How fast does this roller chain run, and how much does its speed fluctuate?
Open toolCircular Shaft Torsion
What torsional stress and twist does this circular shaft develop?
Open toolClassical V-Belt Power Rating (A, AX, B, BX, C, CX, D) and Number of Belts
For a classical V-belt drive (A, AX, B, BX, C, CX or D section), what power does one belt carry at my small sheave diameter and speed, and how many belts does the drive need for the design power?
Open toolCone Clutch Engagement Check (Torque, Engaging Force, Slip Time, Heat)
Will this cone clutch carry the torque, what force engages it, how long does it slip to bring the load up to speed, and how hot does it get each engagement?
Open toolCone Clutch Torque and Engaging Force
How much torque can this cone clutch carry, and what force engages it?
Open toolConveyor Drive Train Check (Belt Pull, Motor Power, Reducer Ratio, Gearbox Torque)
For a belt conveyor driven through a gear reducer, is the motor big enough, does the reducer ratio give the right belt speed, and is the gearbox rated for the pulley torque?
Open toolConveyor Gravity Take-Up Plan (Slack Side Tension, Sag Tension, Counterweight, Travel)
For a belt conveyor with a gravity take-up, how heavy must the counterweight be to stop slip and limit belt sag, and how much take-up travel does the belt need?
Open toolCountershaft Bearing Check (Gear Forces, Bearing Loads in Two Planes, L10 Life, Shaft Stress)
For a shaft carrying a driven gear and a driving gear between two bearings, what load does each bearing carry, how long will it last, and is the shaft stressed within limits?
Open toolCrossed Belt and Three-Pulley Belt Length
How long is the belt for this crossed drive or for a belt around three pulleys?
Open toolCrossed Flat Belt Drive Check (Length, Wrap, Tensions, Speed)
For this crossed (reversing) flat belt drive, how long is the belt, how much wrap does it get, and what tight-side tension does it need to carry the power without slipping?
Open toolDouble V-Belt Drive by Allowable Tight Side Tension (AA, BB, CC, DD)
For a double V-belt (hexagonal) drive with AA, BB, CC or DD belts, what tight side tension can one belt carry on each sheave, what effective pull and tight side tension does my design power produce, and how many belts does the drive need?
Open toolEngine Flywheel Rim Weight and Arm Proportions (Energy Excess Factor, Speed Variation)
For a reciprocating engine or compressor flywheel, what rim mass keeps the speed within my allowed variation, given the indicated power or the work per revolution and the factor of energy excess, and what width and thickness should the elliptical arms have at the hub?
Open toolFan Duty, Fan Laws and Belt Drive
What power does this fan need, how fast must it run for more air, and what pulleys and motor does that take?
Open toolFlange Coupling Bolt Capacity
Can the bolts of this flanged coupling carry the torque in shear?
Open toolFlange Coupling Design (Design Torque, Bolts, Friction Drive, Key)
Is this rigid flange coupling strong enough for the motor power, do the bolts carry the torque by friction or shear, and is the hub key long enough?
Open toolFlat Belt Drive Design (Wrap, Tensions and Belt Width)
What belt length and wrap does this flat belt drive have, what are the belt tensions, and how wide must the belt be for its allowable stress?
Open toolFlat Plate Thrust Bearing Design (Pad Layout, Unit Load, Friction Loss, Oil Flow, Chamfer Depth)
For a flat plate (parallel surface) thrust bearing carrying an axial load, what outside diameter, pad width, number and length of pads, actual unit load and pitch-line speed result, what friction power and oil flow does it need for my temperature rise, and how deep must the feed chamfers be to pass that oil?
Open toolFlexible Coupling Selection (Torque, Speed, Misalignment, Bore and Key)
Is this flexible coupling right for the drive: torque with the service factor, peak torque, speed, combined misalignment, bore size and hub key?
Open toolFriction Clutch Engagement Design
What clamp force does this clutch need to start the load in time, and how much heat does each engagement make?
Open toolFriction Wheel Drive Check (Tangential Force, Normal Force Needed, Contact Stress, Speed Ratio)
For a friction wheel (traction) drive between two rollers, how hard must they be pressed together to carry the power without slipping, and is the contact stress within limits?
Open toolGear Ratio for Inertia Matching (Optimum Ratio and Motor Torque)
What gear ratio lets this motor accelerate the load with the least torque, what ratio can I actually use within the motor speed, and does the motor have the torque at my chosen ratio?
Open toolGear Train Output Check (Ratio, Output Speed and Torque, Output Shaft Stress)
Does this compound gear train give the output speed and torque the job needs, and is the output shaft big enough for the torque?
Open toolGearbox Oil Temperature and Grade Check (Heat Balance, Viscosity Hot)
At what temperature will my gearbox oil settle, does it need a cooler, and is the oil grade still thick enough at that temperature?
Open toolGearbox or Hydraulic Unit Heat Balance and Cooling
How hot will this gearbox or hydraulic power unit run, and does it need a cooler?
Open toolGearbox Selection Check (Service Factor, Thermal and Torque)
Is this catalogue gearbox right for my motor and load once the service factor and thermal rating are applied?
Open toolHoist Drive Sizing (Rope, Drum, Gearbox, Motor and Brake)
What rope pull, drum speed, gear ratio, motor and brake does this hoist need?
Open toolHydrodynamic Journal Bearing Design (Load, Friction, Heat and Oil)
Is this plain journal bearing within its unit load, how much heat does oil friction make, and how much oil must flow to carry it away?
Open toolInduction Motor Load Assessment (Current, Slip, Load, Energy)
From the nameplate and a measured speed, how heavily loaded is this induction motor, what current and torque is it running at, and what does it cost to run?
Open toolInduction Motor Synchronous Speed, Slip and Load
What is this motor’s synchronous speed and slip, and roughly how loaded is it?
Open toolInvolute Spline Design Check (Proportions, Root and Tooth Stresses)
For this inch involute spline, what are its diameters and tooth proportions, and are the shear and compressive stresses within limits for my torque and engagement length?
Open toolInvolute Spline Stresses and Torque Capacity
Are the shear and compressive stresses in this involute spline within the allowables for the torque?
Open toolJournal Bearing Lubrication Analysis (Pressure Parameter, Friction, Oil Flow, Temperature Rise, Film Thickness)
For a pressure-fed plain journal bearing at a trial diametral clearance and an assumed oil temperature rise, what are the bearing pressure, pressure parameter, friction torque and power, the oil flow it needs and the flow it actually passes, the actual temperature rise and the minimum film thickness — and does the assumed rise hold or must I repeat with a new one?
Open toolKeyed Shaft and Hub Design
How long must the key be to carry this drive, does the hub fit it, and is the keyed shaft strong enough?
Open toolKeyseat Depth and Measurement over Key
What depths should be measured when cutting this keyseat in a round shaft?
Open toolLead Screw Input Torque
What torque is needed to drive this axial load through a lead screw?
Open toolLead Screw Travel Speed
How fast does the nut travel at this screw speed?
Open toolLight Duty V-Belt Power Rating (3L, 4L, 5L, Fractional Horsepower)
For a single light duty V-belt (3L, 4L or 5L) on a fractional horsepower drive, what power can it carry on my sheave at my speed, and is that enough for the load once the combined correction factor is applied?
Open toolLinear Guide Selection (Carriage Loads, Life and Static Safety)
What load does the most heavily loaded carriage of this linear guide carry, including the offset and acceleration, and how long will the guide last?
Open toolMotor and Gearbox Selection
What gear ratio, motor rating and starting torque does this load need, and is the inertia match reasonable?
Open toolMotor Efficiency Test with a Prony Brake (Torque, Output, Efficiency)
From a brake load test, what torque and output does this motor give, what efficiency does that mean against the measured electrical input, and does it match the nameplate?
Open toolNarrow V-Belt Power Rating (3VX, 5VX, 5V, 8V) and Number of Belts
For a narrow V-belt drive (3VX, 5VX, 5V or 8V), what power does one belt carry at my small sheave diameter and speed, what is the arc of contact, and how many belts does the drive need for the design power?
Open toolOpen Belt Drive Geometry
What speed, wrap and pitch length follow from this pulley layout?
Open toolOverhung (Radial) Load on a Gearbox or Motor Shaft
What radial load does this pulley, sprocket or gear put on the gearbox shaft, and is it within the allowable at its position?
Open toolOverhung Gear Shaft Sizing (Gear Forces, Bending, Shaft Diameter, Stress)
For a spur or helical gear overhung on a shaft, what forces does the gear put on the shaft, what diameter does the shaft need, and is my chosen diameter within stress?
Open toolParallel Key Shear and Crushing
Is this parallel key long enough for the torque in shear and crushing?
Open toolPermanent-Magnet Control Motor Constants (Torque and Voltage Constants, Damping, Time Constant, Resonance)
From the rated voltage, winding resistance, stall torque, no-load speed and inertia of a permanent-magnet DC control motor, what are its torque and voltage constants, motor constant, damping and mechanical time constant, what torque does the amplifier current limit allow, and does the torsional resonance with my load fall inside the control bandwidth?
Open toolPlate Clutch and Disc Brake Torque
How much torque can this plate clutch or disc brake transmit?
Open toolPulley Speed Ratio
What speed will the driven pulley run at, ignoring belt slip?
Open toolRail Travel Drive Sizing (Crane, Trolley or Transfer Car)
What force and motor does this wheeled carriage need to travel and accelerate on rails, and will the driven wheels slip?
Open toolRatchet and Pawl Design (Pitch, Tooth Force, Bearing and Pin)
What pitch and diameter does this ratchet wheel need for the torque, what force does the pawl take, and are the tooth face and pawl pin strong enough?
Open toolRatchet Wheel Tooth Pitch
What tooth pitch and outside diameter does a ratchet wheel need to hold this turning moment?
Open toolReflected Inertia and Motor Acceleration Torque
What torque must the motor give to accelerate this load through the gearbox, and is the inertia ratio reasonable?
Open toolRMS Torque for a Motor Duty Cycle
What is the RMS torque of this duty cycle, and can the motor carry it continuously?
Open toolRoller Bearing Load Ratings from Geometry (Basic Dynamic and Static Ratings, L10 Life, Static Safety)
From a roller bearing’s geometry — rows, contact angle, number, diameter and effective length of the rollers — what are its basic dynamic and static load ratings, what L10 life does it give at my equivalent load and speed, and is the load within the range the rating formulas suit?
Open toolRoller Chain Drive Design
Will this roller chain and sprocket pair carry the power, how long is the chain, and how smooth will it run?
Open toolRoller Chain Length and Centre Distance
How many links does this roller chain drive need, and what centre distance results?
Open toolRoller Chain Sprocket Tooth Form and Hob (ANSI B29.1M Seating Curve, Pressure Angles, Hob Diameter and Lead)
To lay out or check the tooth form of a roller chain sprocket, what are the seating curve diameter, the arc centres and angles, the topping curve and the outside diameters, what pressure angles does the chain run at, and what diameter, helix angle, lead and width does the hob need?
Open toolRolling Bearing Selection Check
Does this bearing give the life I need at the reliability I want, and is it safe statically and at speed?
Open toolRolling Bearing Static Equivalent Load and Static Safety Factor
What static equivalent load does my ball or roller bearing carry under combined radial and axial loads, and is its static load rating enough for the static safety factor I need?
Open toolRotor Run-Up Time (Inertia, Acceleration Time, Start Energy)
How long will this motor take to bring the rotor up to speed, how much heat goes into the motor rotor during the start, and is that within the motor’s limits?
Open toolS.A.E. Straight-Sided Spline Fitting (Width, Depth, Minor Diameter, Torque Capacity)
For an S.A.E. straight-sided spline fitting of 4, 6, 10 or 16 splines, what spline width, depth and minor diameter go with the nominal diameter and the fit I want, how much torque does it carry at the side pressure I allow, and is that enough for my torque?
Open toolServo or Motor Duty Cycle Check (Move Profile, RMS and Peak)
For this move profile, what torque does the motor need to accelerate, run and stop the load, and is it within the motor’s continuous and peak ratings?
Open toolSilent (Inverted-Tooth) Chain Sprocket Diameters
What pitch, outside, guide-groove and over-pin diameters does this silent chain sprocket have?
Open toolSilent Chain Drive Check (Sprocket Diameters, Chain Length, Speed, Wrap)
For this inverted-tooth (silent) chain drive, what are the sprocket diameters, how many links do I order, what centre distance results, and are the chain speed and wrap acceptable?
Open toolSilent Chain Sprocket Inspection (Over-Pin Diameter, Eccentricity and Guide Groove Tolerances)
Does a cut silent (inverted-tooth) chain sprocket of 3/8 in pitch or larger pass inspection: is the measured over-pin diameter within its tolerance, the run-out of the pitch diameter to the bore within its limit, and the guide groove within its size?
Open toolSilent Chain Sprocket Tooth Form, Hub and Hob Diameters (ANSI B29.2M)
For a silent (inverted-tooth) chain sprocket of a given pitch and number of teeth, what are the tooth form diameters, the angle between the tooth faces, the largest hub that clears the chain for hobbed or straddle-cut teeth, the hob generating diameter and the depth of cut, and is the tooth count large enough?
Open toolSilent Chain Width for a Power (Rating per Unit Width and Service Factor)
How wide must a silent (inverted-tooth) chain be to carry my power with the service factor for the drive, from the chain’s rating per inch of width at my sprocket and speed, and does the width I have chosen carry it?
Open toolSpring-Applied Holding Brake Sizing (Stop Time, Energy and Holding)
Will this spring-applied brake stop and hold the load in time, and can it absorb the stopping energy at this number of stops per hour?
Open toolSprocket Bore and Key Plan (Sprocket Diameters, Shaft Keyseat Readings, Wall Under the Teeth)
For a roller chain sprocket bored and keyed to a shaft, what are its diameters and keyseat readings, and is there enough metal left between the keyway and the tooth roots?
Open toolSpur Gear Pair Geometry
What nominal geometry and speed ratio follow from module and tooth counts?
Open toolStep Cone Pulley Design (Geometric Speed Steps, Step Diameters, Crossed Belt Length)
For a pair of step (cone) pulleys giving a range of output speeds, what speeds should the steps give and what diameter is each step, so one belt fits every step?
Open toolStep Thrust Bearing Design (Pad Layout, Film Thickness, Step Depth, Friction, Oil Flow, Temperature Rise)
For a step (Rayleigh step) thrust bearing carrying an axial load, what pad layout, film thickness and step depth result, how much friction power does it lose, how much oil does the film pass and how far does the oil temperature rise?
Open toolSynchronous (Timing) Belt Rating — MXL Torque and XL to XXH Power, Teeth in Mesh, Width
For an inch-pitch synchronous (timing) belt of MXL, XL, L, H, XH or XXH section, what torque or power does the widest standard belt carry on my small pulley at my speed, how much do too few teeth in mesh reduce it, and is the belt width I chose wide enough for the design power?
Open toolTapered Land Thrust Bearing Design (Pad Layout, Film Factor, Friction, Oil Flow Required and Passed)
For a tapered land thrust bearing carrying a heavy axial load, what pad layout and unit load result, what film-thickness factor do I take to the handbook chart, how much friction power does it lose, how much oil does it need for my temperature rise and does its film pass that much?
Open toolThree-Phase Motor Power, Current and Torque
What current does this three-phase motor draw, or what power does a measured current mean?
Open toolTilting Pad (Kingsbury) Thrust Bearing Design (Operating Number, Film, Friction, Oil Flow, Temperature Rise)
For a tilting pad (Kingsbury or Michell) thrust bearing carrying an axial load, what pad layout, unit load and operating number result, and with the film factor and friction coefficient from the handbook charts, what minimum film, friction power, oil flow and temperature rise follow?
Open toolTiming (Synchronous) Belt Length and Teeth
How many teeth does the timing belt need, and what centre distance results?
Open toolTiming Belt Drive Design (Length, Mesh and Belt Width)
What belt length and centre distance does this timing belt drive need, are enough teeth in mesh, and how wide must the belt be for the power?
Open toolTorque Arm Reaction Check (Output Torque, Arm Reaction, Anchor Pin Joint)
For a shaft-mounted gearbox held by a torque arm, what reaction does the arm put on its anchor, and is the anchor pin joint strong enough?
Open toolTorque, Power and Speed
What shaft torque corresponds to this power and speed?
Open toolUniversal (Cardan) Joint Speed Variation
How much does the output speed of this universal joint vary over each revolution?
Open toolUniversal-Joint Drive (Single or Double Cardan: Speed, Torque, Inertia)
How much does the output speed of this Cardan shaft fluctuate, is a double-joint arrangement phased correctly, and what peak torque do the joints see?
Open toolV-Belt Drive Motor Load Check (Belts, Driven Speed, Shaft Load on the Motor)
For a V-belt drive off an electric motor, how many belts does it need, does the driven speed come out right, and is the belt pull within the motor’s allowable shaft load?
Open toolV-Belt or Flat Belt Drive Design
How many belts does this drive need, how long are they, and what load do they put on the shafts?
Open toolV-Ribbed Belt Power Rating per Rib (J, L, M) and Number of Ribs
For a V-ribbed (poly-V) belt drive with J, L or M section, what power does one rib carry at my small sheave diameter and speed, and how many ribs does the belt need for the design power?
Open toolVariable-Speed Belt Drive (Speed Variation, Power Rating, Rim Speed) — RMA IP-25 Sections
For a variable-speed belt drive with one or two variable-pitch sheaves, what speed variation can it give, what power does the belt carry at the smallest working pitch diameter, and is the rim speed of the variable sheave within my limit?
Open toolWinch Drum Brake Check (Load Torque at the Brake, Stop Time, Holding Factor, Brake Energy)
For a geared winch or hoist with a brake on the motor shaft, can the brake hold and stop the descending load quickly enough, and how much heat does each stop put into it?
Open toolAngular Backlash of a Gear Pair (and Backlash from a Centre Distance Change)
With a given backlash between two gears, how far can each gear rock back and forth while the other is held, and how much does a change in centre distance change the backlash or the tooth thickness I measure on a variable-centre fixture?
Open toolBevel Gear Milling Offset and Caliper Settings (Cutter Setover, Cutting Angle, Chordal Thickness at Both Ends)
When milling a bevel gear with a formed cutter in two cuts, how far must I offset the blank from the central position, what cutting angle do I set on the dividing head, and what chordal thickness and chordal addendum do I set the gear tooth caliper to at the large and small ends of the tooth?
Open toolCam Follower Peak Velocity and Acceleration
What peak velocity, acceleration and inertia force does this cam rise produce?
Open toolCam Pressure Angle
What is the maximum pressure angle for this cam rise, base circle and roller follower?
Open toolCrossed Helical Gear Drive Check (Proportions, Sliding Velocity, Forces)
For this pair of crossed helical gears on shafts at right angles, what are the diameters and centre distance, how fast do the teeth slide, and what forces act on the shafts?
Open toolCrossed Helical Gears (Shafts at Right Angles)
What diameters and centre distance does this crossed helical gear pair at 90° have?
Open toolCrossed Helical Gears at an Exact Centre Distance (Any Shaft Angle, Minimum Centre Distance, Cutter Numbers)
For a pair of crossed helical gears on non-parallel shafts at an exact centre distance, what helix angles make the gears fit, what are their pitch and outside diameters and leads, what is the least centre distance for the ratio and which formed cutters do I use?
Open toolEnlarged Helical Pinion (20° Normal Pressure Angle) and Tight-Mesh Centre Distance
How much should I enlarge a helical pinion with few teeth to avoid undercut, what outside diameter does it take, and at what centre distance will it run in tight mesh with its mating gear?
Open toolEnlarged Spur Pinion Mesh (Long and Short Addendum or Enlarged Centre Distance, Tight-Mesh Centre Distance)
When I enlarge a spur pinion to avoid undercut, what tooth thicknesses and outside diameters do the pinion and its mating gear take, at what centre distance will they mesh tight, and how few teeth can the reduced gear have?
Open toolFine-Pitch Worm and Wormgear Design (ANSI B6.9 Proportions, Centre Distance, Face Width, Thread Length)
For a fine-pitch worm and wormgear, what are the diameters, tooth proportions, centre distance, face width and threaded length, how many threads or what lead angle hits my centre distance, and is the worm diameter in range?
Open toolGear Backlash at Operating Temperature
How much backlash will this gear pair have when the housing and gears warm up, and could it jam?
Open toolGear Chordal Thickness and Addendum
What chordal thickness and chordal addendum should a gear tooth caliper read?
Open toolGear Hobbing Cycle Time
How long does it take to hob this gear at the chosen hob speed and feed?
Open toolGear Hobbing Plan (Time, Hob Life and Cost per Gear)
How long does each gear take to hob, what share of hob sharpening and hob cost falls on each gear, and what does the batch cost?
Open toolGear Pair for a Given Centre Distance (Profile Shift, Tips, Contact Ratio)
What profile shifts make this spur gear pair fit my centre distance, what tip diameters does that give, and is the contact ratio and undercut acceptable?
Open toolGear Pitting Geometry Factor I (Spur and Helical, Contact Ratios, Load Sharing)
For my external spur or helical gear pair, what pitting resistance geometry factor I does the AGMA method give, with the contact ratios and load sharing behind it, and does it support the value used in my rating?
Open toolGear Shaving Stock Check (Centre Distance Method)
I have meshed a preshaved gear tight with a gear of standard tooth thickness and measured how far the centre distance exceeds standard: how much stock is left on the teeth for shaving, and is it within the allowance I want?
Open toolGear Span (Base Tangent) Measurement
What should the span measurement over k teeth read for this spur or helical gear?
Open toolGear Tooth Bending Stress (AGMA Form)
What bending stress does this tangential load put on the gear tooth root, and is the safety factor enough?
Open toolGear Tooth Bending Stress (Lewis)
What bending stress does the tooth load cause at the tooth root, by the Lewis equation?
Open toolGear Tooth Caliper Setting for Backlash (Chordal Thickness Limits)
What chordal tooth thickness and depth setting should my gear tooth vernier use for the backlash I want, and does the measured tooth pass?
Open toolGear Tooth Forces
What tangential, radial and axial forces does this gear mesh put on the shafts?
Open toolGear Tooth Measurement for Backlash (Span and Over Pins)
What span measurement and measurement over pins should this gear show once the teeth are thinned for the backlash I want?
Open toolGear Tooth Top Land and Undercut Check (Involute Function, Pointed Radius, Profile Shift)
For a spur gear with few teeth or a profile shift, is the tooth undercut, how thick is the top land, and how far is the tip from becoming pointed?
Open toolGear Train Ratio, Speed and Torque
What is the overall ratio, output speed and output torque of this gear train?
Open toolGear Train Tooth Number Planner
What tooth numbers give this reduction ratio in one or two stages, and how close can I get?
Open toolHelical Gear Helix Angle and Leads for a Fixed Centre Distance
My helical gear pair must fit a centre distance that is not the standard spur centre distance for the module and tooth numbers. What helix angle makes it fit, and what are the transverse module, pitch diameters and leads of the pinion and gear for setting up the cut?
Open toolHelical Gear Hobbing Change Gears (Machine Without Differential, Feed Correction, Lead Error)
On a gear hobbing machine without a differential, what index gear ratio does a helical gear need, how do I adjust the feed to make up for the error in the index gears I can fit, and what lead do I actually get?
Open toolHelical Gear Milling Cutter Selection (Preferred Formula with Cutter Diameter, Lead, Tooth Depth)
Which involute formed cutter do I use to mill a helical gear, by the handbook’s preferred formula that allows for the cutter diameter, and what lead, tooth depth and tooth thickness go with it?
Open toolHelical Gear Milling Set-up (Lead, Change Gears, Cutter, Indexing)
How do I set up a universal milling machine to cut this helical gear: lead and change gears, table swivel, cutter number and index setting?
Open toolHelical Gear Pair Geometry
What diameters, centre distance and contact ratios does this helical gear pair have?
Open toolHelical Gear Set Design (Geometry, Forces and Bending)
What are the sizes, tooth forces and bearing thrust of this helical gear pair, and is the tooth bending stress within the allowable?
Open toolInch Spur Gear Pair Check (Diametral Pitch Proportions, Pinion Bending)
For this diametral-pitch spur gear pair, what are the pitch and outside diameters and centre distance, and is the pinion strong enough for the horsepower?
Open toolIndustrial Worm Gearing Proportions (Coarse Pitch: Diameters, Lead Angle, Face Width, Thread Length, Efficiency)
For a coarse-pitch power worm and wormgear, what diameters, lead angle, tooth depths, face width and worm thread length do the handbook rules give at my pitch, ratio and centre distance, and what efficiency, rubbing speed and hunting-tooth action follow?
Open toolInternal Gear and Pinion Proportions
What diameters, centre distance and tooth thicknesses do this internal gear and pinion need, and do the tooth numbers interfere?
Open toolInternal Gear Drive Check (Proportions, Tooth Difference, Pinion Bending)
Will this pinion and internal gear mesh without interference, what are their proportions and centre distance, and is the pinion strong enough for the power?
Open toolInternal Gear Measurement Between Pins (Even or Odd Teeth, Backlash Allowance, Space Width from a Reading)
What should the measurement between two pins be for my internal spur gear, at the low and high limits of its backlash allowance, and does a reading I have taken fall inside them?
Open toolInvolute Gear Cutter Number
Which involute gear milling cutter number should cut this spur, helical or bevel gear?
Open toolInvolute Spline Basic Dimensions (ANSI B92.1)
What are the basic diameters and space width of this involute spline?
Open toolMilled Bevel Gear Dimensions (Cone Angles, Blank, Cutting Angle, Vertex Distances)
For a pair of bevel gears to be cut with formed milling cutters, what are the pitch cone, addendum, dedendum, face and cutting angles, the outside diameters and vertex distances to turn the blanks to, the small-end tooth sizes, the widest face allowed and the tooth numbers for selecting the cutters?
Open toolPlanetary Gear Set Design (Ratio, Assembly, Forces and Bending)
Does this planetary gear set assemble with equally spaced planets, what ratio and torque does it give, and are the sun teeth within their bending allowable?
Open toolPlanetary Gear Train
What ratio, output speed and torque does this planetary (epicyclic) gear set give?
Open toolPlastic Gear Drive Check (Power Rating and Backlash at Temperature)
Will this plastic gear carry the power, and will the mesh still have backlash when the gears warm up and absorb moisture inside a metal housing?
Open toolPlastics Gear Power Rating
How much power can this nylon, acetal or other plastics gear transmit?
Open toolProfile Shift and Working Centre Distance
What working centre distance and pressure angle result from these profile shifts, and are the teeth undercut?
Open toolRack and Pinion Speed, Force and Travel
What linear speed, force and travel does this rack and pinion give?
Open toolRoller Chain Sprocket Diameters
What are the pitch, outside, bottom and caliper diameters of this sprocket?
Open toolSpline Joint Design (Engagement Length and Stresses)
How long must this involute spline engage to carry the torque, and are the shaft and teeth within their allowable stresses?
Open toolSpur and Helical Gear Contact (Pitting) Stress
What contact stress does this gear mesh run at, compared with the allowable for the material?
Open toolSpur Gear Contact Diameters, Contact Ratio and LPSTC
Where does contact start on each gear, what is the contact ratio, and where is the lowest point of single tooth contact?
Open toolSpur Gear Contact Ratio
What transverse contact ratio does this spur gear pair have?
Open toolSpur Gear Dimensions (Diametral Pitch)
What are the diameters, tooth depth and centre distance of this inch (diametral pitch) spur gear pair?
Open toolSpur Gear Measurement over Pins
What should the measurement over two pins read for this external spur gear?
Open toolSpur Gear Mesh Interference Check (Contact Start Diameters and Contact Ratio)
Does contact on each gear of this spur pair start above its true involute form diameter, so there is no interference, and is the contact ratio enough?
Open toolSpur Gear Milling Set-up (Indexing, Cutter Number, Depth, Tooth Check)
How do I set up a dividing head and form cutter to mill this spur gear: index setting, cutter number, blank size, depth of cut and the chordal tooth check?
Open toolSpur Gear Pitting Resistance Power Rating (AGMA)
How much power can this spur gear pair transmit before pitting governs?
Open toolSpur Gear Profile Checker Settings (Significant Diameters, Roll Angles, TIF, HPSTC, Undercut)
For a pair of spur gears at standard centre distance, where are the true involute form, contact, lowest and highest single-tooth-contact diameters on each gear, what roll angles do I set on the involute checker, is the hob tip radius allowed and is any tooth undercut?
Open toolSpur Gear Set Design Check
Will this spur gear set carry the power for bending and pitting, and what face width does it really need?
Open toolSpur Gears Cut for a Given Centre Distance and Ratio (Operating Pitch, Tooth Thickness, Root and Outside Diameters)
When no standard pitch fits the centre distance, how do I cut a pair of spur gears with a standard hob to run at that centre distance: what operating pitch and pressure angle result, and what tooth thicknesses, root diameters and outside diameters do I cut?
Open toolStraight Bevel Gear Geometry
What pitch angles, cone distance and diameters does this bevel gear pair have?
Open toolStraight Bevel Gear Set Design (Geometry, Forces and Bending)
What are the cone angles, tooth forces and bearing loads of this straight bevel gear pair, and is the bending stress within the allowable?
Open toolWorm Gear Drive Design (Efficiency, Forces and Heat)
What torque and forces does this worm drive deliver, how much heat does it make, will the housing stay cool enough, and is it self-locking?
Open toolWorm Gear Geometry and Efficiency
What ratio, lead angle, centre distance and efficiency does this worm drive have, and will it back-drive?
Open toolWorm Profile Change with Cutter or Grinding Wheel Size (Profile Deviation and Pressure Angle Correction)
If one worm is milled with a small cutter and another is ground with a large wheel, how far does each normal profile depart from a straight side, how much does each change the pressure angle, and what correction makes the two worms interchangeable?
Open toolWormgear Hob Design (Over-Size Diameters, Sharpening Allowance, Setting Angle, Flutes)
For a hob to cut my wormgear, what outside, root and pitch diameters should it have with the AGMA sharpening allowance, at what angle should it be set, how many flutes should it have, and what flute lead lets me relieve a helical-fluted hob?
Open toolBolt and Pin Shear and Bearing
Are these bolts or pins strong enough in shear and bearing for this load?
Open toolBolt and Screw Grip Length Check (Grip Gauging Length, Body Length, Full Thread in the Joint)
For a bolt or socket head cap screw of a given nominal length, what is its grip gauging length and body (shank) length by the standard rules, will the full thread start inside the parts it clamps so the nut or tapped hole can pull it tight, and does enough thread stand beyond the joint for the nut or the thread engagement I need?
Open toolBolt Pattern Hole Plan (Layout, Clearance Holes, Position Tolerance)
For this bolt circle, where do the holes go, are the ligaments, edge distances and wrench clearance enough with the holes at their largest size, and what position tolerance can I allow on the holes?
Open toolBolt Preload Verification from Measured Stretch (and Nut Factor)
From the bolt stretch I measured, what preload did this bolt actually get, how close is it to the target, and what nut factor does the tightening torque imply?
Open toolBolt Stretch and Turn-of-Nut Angle
How much will this bolt stretch at the target preload, and how far must the nut turn from snug?
Open toolBolt Tightening Torque and Preload
What preload does this torque give, or what torque gives the target preload?
Open toolBolt Tightening Torque with Separate Thread and Bearing Friction
What tightening torque gives my bolt preload when the thread friction and the nut or head bearing friction differ, how much of the torque goes into stretching the bolt, and how do the handbook’s simplified forms compare?
Open toolBolt Torque Coefficient and Yield Clamping Force (JIS Method from Thread and Bearing Friction)
For a metric bolt and nut with known friction in the threads and under the head, what is the torque coefficient K, how is the tightening torque shared between the threads and the bearing face, what clamping force takes the bolt to yield and what torque does that need, and what preload does my tightening torque give?
Open toolBolted Joint at Temperature (Preload Change from Differential Expansion)
How much does this bolt’s preload rise or fall when the joint heats up or cools down, and does it stay between the clamp needed and the proof load?
Open toolBolted Joint Design Check (Preload, Separation, Proof and Fatigue)
Does this bolt size and tightening torque keep the joint closed and the bolt safe under the working load?
Open toolBolted Joint Fatigue Check
Will the bolt in this preloaded joint survive the fluctuating external load?
Open toolBolted Joint Load Sharing and Separation
How much of the external load reaches the bolt, and when will the joint separate?
Open toolBracket Bolts in Tension and Shear (Moment on a Bolted Flange)
What tension do the top bolts of this bracket see from the overhanging load, what shear does each bolt carry, and do they pass a combined tension–shear check?
Open toolClevis Pin Joint Design (Pin Bending, Shear, Bearing and Eye)
Is this clevis (fork-and-eye) pin joint strong enough: pin bending and shear, bearing in the eye and fork, and tear-out of the eye?
Open toolDowel Pin Joint Check (Pin Shear, Bearing, Fit Interference, Engagement)
Will the dowel pins locating two parts carry the sideways load without shearing or crushing the holes, what fit do the chosen pin and hole limits give, and is each pin engaged deeply enough?
Open toolEccentric Bracket Bolt Check (Bolt Group Forces, Shear and Bearing Stress)
For a bracket bolted with a group of bolts and loaded off-centre, which bolt carries most, and are its shear stress and the plate bearing stress within limits?
Open toolEccentrically Loaded Bolt Group
Which bolt in this group carries the most shear when the load is offset?
Open toolFriction-Grip (Slip-Resistant) Bolted Joint
Will this preloaded bolted joint carry the shear load by friction without slipping, what tightening torque does that need, and what happens if it does slip?
Open toolGasketed Flange Bolt Load Check
Do these flange bolts give enough load to seat the gasket and hold the pressure, and what torque do they need?
Open toolPinned Hub Drive Check (Cross Pin Size, Pin Shear, Shaft Bearing and Torsion)
For a hub or collar driven by a pin through the shaft, is the pin big enough, and do the bearing pressure and the weakened shaft stay within limits?
Open toolPivot Pin and Retaining Ring Check (Clevis Stresses and Axial Retention)
Is this clevis pivot pin strong enough for the load, and will the retaining ring that holds it in take the axial push without failing?
Open toolRetaining Ring Thrust Capacity and Groove Edge Margin
What thrust load can this retaining ring and groove carry, and how far from the end must the groove be?
Open toolRiveted Joint Design (Balanced Pitch and Rivet Count)
What rivet pitch balances plate and rivet strength, how efficient is the joint, and how many rivets carry the load?
Open toolRiveted Joint Strength by Joint Type (Lap, Cover Plate and Butt Joints)
For a single or double riveted lap joint, a lap joint with an inside cover plate, or a double or triple riveted butt joint, what load can each way of failing carry, which one governs, and what is the joint efficiency and safe load over my seam length?
Open toolRiveted Lap Joint Efficiency
How strong is this riveted joint compared with the solid plate, and how will it fail?
Open toolScrew Clamp Force Check (Handle Torque, Clamping Force, Screw Stress)
For a screw clamp, vice or press screw turned by a handle, what clamping force does the handle effort produce, and is the screw stressed within limits?
Open toolSet-Screw Holding Power and Torque
How much power and torque can set screws hold on this shaft, and how many do I need?
Open toolSet-Screw Hub Retention (Torque, Axial Hold, Screws Needed)
Will set screws hold this hub on its shaft for the power and axial load, how many are needed, and when should I use a key instead?
Open toolShear Pin Overload Design (Pin Size for a Break Torque, Break Factor, Hub Bearing)
For a shear pin that protects a drive by breaking at an overload, what diameter should it be, at what torque will the chosen pin break, and is the hub strong enough around it?
Open toolTap Drill for Percentage of Thread
What drill size gives the required percentage of thread for a cutting or forming tap?
Open toolTaper Bush Grip Check (Screw Preload, Wedge Normal Force, Torque Capacity)
For a split taper bush pulled into a hub by its screws, what grip does it put on the shaft, and will it carry the drive torque without slipping?
Open toolTaper Pin for Torque Transmission
What mean diameter of taper pin through this shaft and hub transmits the torque safely?
Open toolTapped Hole Design (Drill, Engagement and Depth)
What drill, length of engagement and tapping depth does this tapped hole need so the thread does not strip?
Open toolThread Length of Engagement
How long must the thread engagement be so the bolt breaks before the threads strip?
Open toolTorque Wrench Adapter Check (Extension Correction, Actual Torque, Bolt Preload)
When a crowfoot or extension adapter lengthens my torque wrench, what should I set the wrench to, and what torque and bolt preload does a given setting really give?
Open toolTurn-of-Nut Angle for Bolt Preload
Through what angle must the nut turn to reach this preload, or what preload does a given turn give?
Open toolTurn-of-Nut Preload and Bolt Fatigue Check
What preload does this nut rotation give in my joint, is it within the bolt’s proof load, and will the bolt survive the cyclic external load?
Open toolWoodruff Key Check (Key Shear, Hub and Shaft Bearing, Weakened Shaft Torsion)
Will a Woodruff key carry the torque without shearing or crushing, and is the shaft, weakened by the deep keyseat, still strong enough in torsion?
Open toolWorking Strength of Bolts in Packed (Gasketed) Joints
What external load can this bolt safely carry in a packed joint after allowing for the tightening load?
Open toolAcme and Trapezoidal Thread Dimensions
What are the basic dimensions of this Acme or metric trapezoidal thread?
Open toolAcme Nut Bore Inspection (Minor Diameter Limits, Drill Choice, Measured Bore)
For an Acme nut, what are the limits on the minor diameter of the bore, which fractional drill falls between them, and does my measured bore pass?
Open toolAcme Thread Tap Drill Size
What drilled hole size suits tapping this Acme thread?
Open toolAngular Indexing on a Dividing Head
What crank movement turns the work through this angle on a dividing head?
Open toolANSI Buttress Thread Basic Dimensions (7°/45°)
What are the basic dimensions of this 7°/45° buttress thread?
Open toolButtress Thread Wire Inspection (7°/45° Form, Wire Size, Readings, Pitch Diameter)
For this 7°/45° buttress thread, what are its diameters, what wire size and reading over wires should I use, and does my measured thread pass?
Open toolCentralizing Acme Thread Limits and Fit (Classes 2C, 3C, 4C)
What are the limits of a centralizing Acme screw and nut in classes 2C, 3C or 4C, and does my combination of screw and nut classes meet the centralizing requirement at the major diameter?
Open toolChange Gears for Thread Cutting
Which change gears cut this thread lead on this lathe?
Open toolChange-Gear Threading Set-up (Gear Train, Pitch Error, Thread Depth, Passes)
To cut this metric thread on a lathe with an inch leadscrew (or the other way round), which change gears do I fit, how accurate is the pitch, and how deep and in how many passes do I cut?
Open toolCompound Indexing on a Dividing Head (Exact and Approximate Movements, Error at the Work)
Simple indexing cannot give the number of divisions I need. Which two-circle (compound) movement on my index plates gives it exactly, or, if none does, which approximate movement over several workpiece revolutions comes closest, and how large is the error at my workpiece diameter?
Open toolDifferential Indexing on a Dividing Head
How can this number of divisions be indexed when simple indexing cannot do it?
Open toolGeneral Purpose Acme Thread Limits (Classes 2G, 3G, 4G)
What are the major, pitch and minor diameter limits of a general purpose Acme screw and nut in class 2G, 3G or 4G, with the allowance for a long engagement or a multi-start thread, and what are the stress and shear areas of the screw?
Open toolHelical Milling Lead and Change Gears
What lead does this helix have, and which change gears cut it on the dividing head?
Open toolISO Metric Thread Basic Dimensions
What are the basic pitch, minor and root diameters and stress area of this metric thread?
Open toolISO Metric Thread Limits of Size (6g, 6H and Others)
What are the limits of size for this metric thread in the chosen tolerance class?
Open toolLathe Threading Plan (Infeed per Pass, Spindle Speed and Time)
How should I split the thread depth into passes, what spindle speed can I use for this pitch, and how long will the thread take to cut?
Open toolMetric Ground Thread Tap Limits (M Profile: Pitch and Major Diameter, D and DU Limit Numbers)
For a metric M-profile ground thread tap, what are its pitch and major diameter limits for the standard limits or a D or DU limit number, what limit number is it, and is the tap I measured within them?
Open toolNPT Pipe Thread Gauge Dimensions
What are the pitch diameters and effective thread length of this NPT taper pipe thread?
Open toolNPT Tapped Port Check (Thread Length, Depth, Boss Wall)
Is this tapped NPT pipe port deep enough for a full thread engagement, and is the boss wall around it thick enough?
Open toolSimple Indexing on a Dividing Head
How many crank turns and holes give this number of divisions on a dividing head?
Open toolSingle-Point Thread Cutting Tool Relief and Nose Angles (Leading and Trailing Flanks)
For a single-point tool to cut a thread of a given lead, major and minor diameter and thread angle, what side relief angles must I grind below the leading and trailing cutting edges (parallel to the axis and perpendicular to the edges) to keep the effective relief I want, and what is the angle where the two flanks meet?
Open toolSquare, Modified Square and 60° Stub Thread Basic Sizes
What are the basic pitch and minor diameters, thread depth, thread thickness and crest and root flats of a square thread, a 10° modified square thread or a 60° stub thread, with my clearance, and what is the lead angle?
Open toolStub Acme Thread Limits (Standard, Modified Form 1 and 2)
What are the limits of size of a Stub Acme screw and nut, in the standard form or the Modified Form 1 or 2, and what flats does the threading tool need?
Open toolTapping Plan (Tap Drill, Thread Percentage, Speed and Cycle Time)
What tap drill gives the thread percentage I want, what percentage will the drill I have give, and how long does a batch of tapped holes take?
Open toolThread Helix Angle and Screw Efficiency
What is the helix angle of this thread, how efficient is it, and will it self-lock?
Open toolThread Measurement over Wires by the Involute Helicoid Formula (Multi-Start Threads and Worms, Pitch Diameter from a Reading)
For a multi-start thread or worm with a large lead angle, what is the exact measurement over three wires by the involute helicoid formula, how far is the simplified Buckingham formula out, and what pitch diameter does my reading over wires give?
Open toolThread Pitch Diameter by Three Wires (Accept or Reject)
Given my reading over three wires, what is the thread’s pitch diameter, and is it within the drawing limits?
Open toolThread Rolling Set-up (Blank Diameter, Roll Size, Starts)
For rolling this metric thread with cylindrical dies, what blank diameter do I turn, how many starts must the rolls have to fit my machine, and what roll pitch diameter results?
Open toolThread Turning Infeed per Pass
How deep should each pass be when single-point turning this thread?
Open toolThreading Roll Pitch Diameter
What pitch diameter should a single- or multiple-start threading roll have for this screw thread?
Open toolThree-Wire Measurement of Taper and Buttress Threads
What should the measurement over three wires be for this taper or buttress thread, and what pitch diameter does a reading give?
Open toolThree-Wire Measurement with Lead Angle (Buckingham)
What should the measurement over wires read for this coarse-lead or multi-start thread or worm?
Open toolThree-Wire Thread Measurement
What should the measurement over three wires read for this thread, or what pitch diameter does a reading give?
Open toolTrapezoidal Lead Screw Check (Thread Size, Torque, Root Stress, Nut Pressure)
Is this trapezoidal lead screw and nut right for the load: what torque does it need, will it hold the load without backdriving, and are the root stress and nut bearing pressure acceptable?
Open toolUnified Inch Cut Thread Tap Limits (Major and Pitch Diameter, ASME B94.9)
For a cut thread (not ground) tap for a Unified inch screw thread, what are the minimum and maximum major and pitch diameters by the ASME B94.9 Table 3 formulas, and is my measured tap inside them?
Open toolUnified Inch Ground Thread Tap Limits (Pitch and Major Diameter, H and L Limit Numbers)
For a Unified inch ground thread tap, what are its pitch and major diameter limits for the standard limits or an H or L limit number, what limit number is it, and is the tap I measured within them?
Open toolUnified Inch Thread Basic Dimensions
What are the basic pitch and minor diameters and stress area of this UNC or UNF thread?
Open toolUnified Inch Thread Gauge Sizes (GO and NOT GO Plugs, Rings and Setting Gauges)
For a Unified inch screw thread with known product limits, what are the nominal sizes and tolerance directions of the GO and NOT GO thread gauges, the plain major and minor diameter gauges, and the setting plugs and rings, and do the gauge tolerances leave room inside the product tolerance?
Open toolUnified Miniature Screw Thread (UNM) Limits
What are the limits of size of a unified miniature (UNM) screw thread from 0.30 to 1.40 mm, with its lead angle and the sectional area at the minor diameter?
Open toolUnified Tapped Hole Check (Tap Drill, Thread Percentage, Length of Engagement)
For a Unified inch screw in a tapped hole, what drill do I need, and is the thread long enough for the hole material to be as strong as the screw?
Open toolUnified Thread Limits of Size (Classes 1A–3B)
What are the limits of size for this UNC, UNF or UN thread in the chosen class?
Open toolUnified Thread Over-Wire Limits (Pitch Diameter Limits, Wire Readings, Accept)
For this Unified inch external thread and class, what readings over three wires mark the pitch diameter limits, and does my measured reading pass?
Open toolWhitworth Thread Basic Dimensions
What are the basic pitch and minor diameters of this BSW, BSF or BSP (parallel) Whitworth thread?
Open toolWhitworth Thread Limits to BS 84 (BSW, BSF)
What are the major, effective and minor diameter limits of a Whitworth form (BSW or BSF) bolt and nut in the BS 84 close, medium, free or normal classes for my length of engagement?
Open toolWhitworth Thread Wire Inspection (Pitch Diameter, Wire Readings, Lead-Angle Correction)
For this Whitworth (BSW or BSF) thread, what should the reading over three wires be, how much does the helix angle change it, and does my measured thread pass?
Open toolHydraulics & Pneumatics
Fluid power circuits, cylinders, pumps and compressed air.
Accumulator Circuit Sizing (Pump Deficit, Gas Volume, Recharge)
Does this cylinder stroke need an accumulator to reach its speed, how big must it be, and can the pump recharge it before the next stroke?
Open toolBlocked-In Liquid Thermal Pressure Rise Check (Trapped Liquid Heated in a Pipe or Vessel)
If a pipe or vessel completely full of liquid is closed off and then warms up, how fast does the pressure rise, what pressure does it reach, and how much warming can it take before it passes the design or relief pressure?
Open toolBuoyancy and Submerged Weight
Will this body float, and how much does it weigh when submerged?
Open toolBuried or Submerged Tank Flotation Check (Uplift and Ballast)
Will this empty tank float out of the ground when the water table rises, and how much concrete ballast holds it down?
Open toolControl Valve Sizing (Kv, Opening, Authority, Full-Open Flow)
What Kv does this control valve need, how far open will the chosen valve run, does it have enough authority over the system, and what flow does it pass wide open?
Open toolCoolant Flow for a Heat Load
What flow of water or oil removes this heat load for the allowed temperature rise?
Open toolCylinder Cushion Check (Kinetic Energy, Deceleration, Cushion Pressure, Largest Speed)
When a hydraulic cylinder decelerates a moving load in its end cushion, how high does the trapped cushion pressure rise, and what is the fastest speed the cushion can stop it from?
Open toolCylinder Meter-Out Speed Control (Orifice, Intensification, Heat)
What meter-out orifice sets this cylinder to the speed I want under its load, how high does the rod-side pressure rise, and how much heat does the control make?
Open toolDarcy Pipe Pressure Drop
How much pressure is lost to friction along this straight pipe?
Open toolHeat Exchanger LMTD and Area
What log mean temperature difference and area does this heat exchanger need for the duty?
Open toolHeat Exchanger Sizing (Duty, Outlet Temperature and Area)
How much heat does this exchanger move, what will the cold stream leave at, and is the installed area enough?
Open toolHot and Cold Water Blending Check (Flow Split, Hot Supply, Entropy Generated, Lost Work)
How much hot and cold water must be blended to give a set mixed temperature and flow, can the hot supply provide it, and how much work potential is lost by mixing instead of heating to the target directly?
Open toolHydraulic Accumulator Size
What gas-charged accumulator size delivers this volume between the working pressures?
Open toolHydraulic Cylinder Force and Speed
What ideal force and stroke time follow from pressure and flow?
Open toolHydraulic Cylinder Sizing (Bore, Rod Buckling, Flow, Power, Pipes)
What bore and rod does this cylinder need, how much flow and power does it take, and what pipe size suits it?
Open toolHydraulic Cylinder Structure (Barrel, End Cap and Rod Buckling)
Is this hydraulic cylinder’s barrel thick enough, will the end cap hold the pressure, and will the rod buckle when it pushes fully extended?
Open toolHydraulic Hand Jack Check (Handle Leverage, Pump Pressure, Lifting Force, Strokes to Lift)
For a hand-pumped hydraulic jack or press, what pressure does the handle effort make, can it lift the load, and how many pump strokes does the lift take?
Open toolHydraulic Line Sizing (Velocity, Pressure Drop and Tube Rating)
Is this tube big enough for the flow, how much pressure does the line lose, and is the tube rated for the system pressure?
Open toolHydraulic Motor Drive Sizing
What motor displacement, flow and pump power does this hydraulic drive need for the load torque and speed?
Open toolHydraulic Motor Torque, Speed and Power
What torque, speed and power will this hydraulic motor give for this flow and pressure?
Open toolHydraulic Orifice Restrictor Design (Drill Size, Flow, Heat)
What orifice size gives the flow I want at this pressure drop, what flow does the nearest drill size actually give, and how much heat does the restrictor put into the oil?
Open toolHydraulic Power and Pump Input
What fluid power and shaft input does this duty require?
Open toolHydraulic Power Unit Sizing (Pump, Motor, Reservoir, Cooling)
What pump displacement and motor power does this hydraulic power unit need, how big should the reservoir be, and does it need a cooler?
Open toolHydraulic Press Cycle Check (Regenerative Approach, Pressing Force, Return, Cycle Time, Motor Power)
For a hydraulic press with this cylinder and pump, how fast are the approach, pressing and return strokes, does it reach the pressing force, how long is a cycle, and is the motor big enough?
Open toolHydraulic Press Gauge Pressure for a Pressure on the Work (Capacity and Pressure on the Material)
What gauge pressure must my hydraulic press run at to put a given pressure on the area of the work, what force and pressure on the work does it give at the gauge pressure I set, and can the press reach it?
Open toolHydrostatic Pressure and Tank Wall Force
What pressure and force does this liquid depth put on a tank wall and floor?
Open toolJet Impact Force Check (Nozzle Flow and Velocity, Reaction, Force on a Plate)
For a water jet from a nozzle at this pressure, how much flow and speed does it have, what reaction does the operator or mounting feel, and what force does it put on a plate it hits?
Open toolLiquid Adiabatic Compression (Temperature Rise, cp − cv, Adiabatic Bulk Modulus, Wave Speed)
How much does a hydraulic oil or other liquid heat up when it is compressed quickly, and how much stiffer is it under rapid (adiabatic) compression than under slow (isothermal) compression?
Open toolLiquid Pipe Velocity and Reynolds Number
What velocity and flow regime follow from diameter, flow and viscosity?
Open toolLiquid Throttling Temperature Rise (Valve and Orifice Heating, Joule–Thomson for Liquids)
How much does hydraulic oil, water or another liquid warm as it passes through a relief valve, flow control, orifice or partly closed valve that drops its pressure without doing work?
Open toolNozzle Manifold Check (Flow per Nozzle, Total Flow, Feed Pipe Loss, Supply Pressure)
For a row of spray or wash nozzles fed by one pipe, how much flow do they take at the nozzle pressure, what is the pressure loss in the feed pipe, and can the pump supply it?
Open toolOrifice and Restrictor Flow
How much liquid flows through this orifice at this pressure drop, or what drop does a flow cause?
Open toolPipe Bend Thrust Check (Pressure and Momentum Force, Resultant, Thrust Block Bearing)
What force does the water push on this pipe bend from its pressure and flow, and is the thrust block big enough for the ground to carry it?
Open toolPipe Flow Velocity
What is the mean velocity of this flow in a pipe of this bore?
Open toolPipe Friction Factor and Pressure Drop
What friction factor and pressure drop does this flow have in this pipe?
Open toolPipe or Hose Size for a Target Velocity
What inside diameter keeps this flow at the target velocity?
Open toolPipe Run Thermal Expansion Check (Growth, Loop Leg, Anchor Force)
How much will this hot pipe run grow, is the expansion loop or bend leg I have room for long enough, and what force will it put on the anchors?
Open toolPipe Thermal Expansion, Anchor Force and Expansion Loop
How much will this pipe run grow when hot, what force would fully restrained anchors see, and how long must the loop legs be?
Open toolPontoon Float Check (Draft, Freeboard, Reserve Buoyancy)
How deep will this raft of cylindrical drums float with its load, how much freeboard is left, and how much reserve buoyancy is there?
Open toolPump and Fan Affinity Laws
What flow, head and power will this centrifugal pump or fan give at a new speed or impeller size?
Open toolPump NPSH Available
Is the net positive suction head available enough to prevent cavitation?
Open toolPump Operating Point on the System Curve
Where will this centrifugal pump actually run on my system, how efficiently, and what speed gives the flow I want?
Open toolPump Shaft Power
What shaft power does a pump need for this flow and head?
Open toolPump Speed Control Plan (Speed for Target Flow, Power, Saving over Throttling)
What speed must my pump run at to deliver the flow I need, how much power does that take, and how much does speed control save compared with throttling a valve at full speed?
Open toolPump Suction Line Check (Friction Loss, NPSH Available, Lowest Liquid Level)
Will my pump cavitate with this suction line, how low can the liquid level fall before it does, and is the suction velocity reasonable?
Open toolPumping System Design (Head, Power and NPSH)
What head and power does this pumping duty need, and will the pump have enough suction head?
Open toolReverse Osmosis Pressure Check (Osmotic Pressure, Net Driving Pressure, Permeate Flow)
For a reverse osmosis unit on this feed water, how much osmotic pressure must the pump overcome, what net driving pressure is left, will the concentrate end still produce water, and does it make the permeate flow I need?
Open toolReverse Osmosis Pressure Check (van ’t Hoff Osmotic Pressure, Concentrate End, Net Driving Pressure)
Is the feed pressure of this reverse osmosis unit enough to keep water passing through the membrane at the concentrate end, where the dissolved solids, and so the osmotic pressure, are highest?
Open toolSluice Gate Lift Check (Water Force, Seal Friction, Screw Torque, Handwheel Effort)
For a screw-operated sluice or penstock gate holding back water, what force does the water put on it, what force lifts it against seal friction, and can one person turn the handwheel?
Open toolSump or Pit Pump-Out Plan (Simpson Section Area, Volume, Time)
How much water is in this pit or sump of irregular cross-section, and how long will my pump take to empty it with water still running in?
Open toolTank Drain Time Check (Volume Drained, Initial Outflow, Time Through an Orifice)
How long will this vertical tank take to drain from one level to another through a bottom outlet, and what outlet size would drain it in the time I want?
Open toolTank Heating or Cooling Coil Plan (Area, Tube Length, Turns, Pressure Drop)
How many turns of tube does my tank heating or cooling coil need for the duty, how long is the tube, and what pressure drop will the water see through it?
Open toolTrapped Liquid Thermal Pressure Check (Blocked-In Line Heating, Pipe Stretch, Relief Need)
If liquid is shut in between closed valves and warms up, how fast does its pressure climb, does it pass the design pressure, and how much liquid must a thermal relief let out?
Open toolTwo-Pump Arrangement Check (Parallel or Series Operating Point, Flow Gain, Each Pump’s Duty)
If I run two identical pumps in parallel or in series on this system, what flow and head do I get compared with one pump, and where does each pump run on its curve?
Open toolValve Closure Surge (Water Hammer against Pipe Rating)
How big a pressure surge does closing this valve cause, does working pressure plus surge stay within the pipe rating, and how slowly must the valve close to keep it there?
Open toolValve Flow Coefficient (Kv and Cv)
What Kv does this valve need for the flow and pressure drop, or what flow will a valve pass?
Open toolVapour Pressure and Boiling Check (Clausius–Clapeyron, Boiling Point at Pressure, Margin)
At this pressure, at what temperature will the liquid boil, what is its vapour pressure at the working temperature, and is there enough margin to stop it boiling or flashing?
Open toolWater Hammer Pressure Surge
How big a pressure surge will closing this valve cause?
Open toolWater Supply Line Check (Velocity, Friction Loss, Outlet Pressure, Valve Surge)
Is this water line big enough: is the velocity reasonable, what pressure is left at the outlet after friction and lift, and will a quick-closing valve push the pressure past the pipe rating?
Open toolAir Compressor Power
What shaft power does it take to compress this air flow to this pressure?
Open toolAir Compressor Staging Check (Power and Discharge Temperature)
Should this air compressor be single- or two-stage: how much power does each take, what discharge temperature does each reach, and does the chosen arrangement stay within the temperature limit?
Open toolAir Receiver Size
What receiver volume covers this demand above compressor supply for this time and pressure band?
Open toolClosed Gas Vessel Temperature Check (Pressure Rise, Contents, Fill Limit)
If this closed gas vessel or cylinder heats up, how high does its pressure rise, is it within the rating, and what is the highest pressure I can fill it to?
Open toolCompressed Air Leak Cost
How much air does this leak waste, and what does it cost each year?
Open toolCompressed Air Pipe Pressure Drop
What pressure drop does this compressed air flow cause in this pipe?
Open toolCompressed Gas Stored Energy Check (Isothermal Exergy, Isentropic and Brode Burst Energy, pV Product)
How much energy is stored in a compressed-air receiver or gas vessel, how much of it could do useful work, how much could a sudden rupture release, and is its pressure × volume above the limit my classification uses?
Open toolCompressed-Air Blow-Off Consumption (Nozzles, Air, Power and Cost)
How much compressed air do these blow-off nozzles or open pipes use, what share of the compressor is that, and what does it cost each year?
Open toolCompressed-Air Leak Audit (Leak Flow, Power, Cost and Repair Payback)
How much air and money are these compressed-air leaks wasting, what share of the compressor do they use, and how quickly do repairs pay back?
Open toolCompressed-Air Main Sizing (Bore, Pressure Drop, Velocity, Receiver)
What is the smallest standard pipe bore for this compressed-air main within my pressure-drop and velocity limits, and how big a receiver covers the peak demand?
Open toolCompressed-Air System Sizing
How big a compressor, receiver and main pipe does this plant need, and what do the leaks cost?
Open toolCylinder Air Consumption Check (Atmospheric Air per Cycle, Total Demand, Compressor Power)
How much compressed air do these cylinders use at their cycle rate, can my compressor supply it, and what shaft power does that take?
Open toolGas Compression and Expansion Process
What final volume, temperature and work result from compressing or expanding this gas?
Open toolGas Cylinder Contents and Duration Check (Peng–Robinson or van der Waals Real Gas)
How much gas is really in a high-pressure cylinder once real-gas behaviour is allowed for, how much of it can be used down to the regulator’s minimum pressure, and will it last the time I need at my usage rate?
Open toolGas Mixture Properties (Dalton: Molar Mass, Gas Constant, Specific Heats, Density, Partial Pressures, Mixing Entropy)
For a mixture of up to three perfect gases, what are its molar mass, gas constant, specific heats, ratio of specific heats, density, speed of sound and partial pressures, how much work does separating it take, and is one component’s partial pressure inside my limit?
Open toolGas Pressure Reduction Cooling Check (Joule–Thomson Temperature Drop, Outlet Temperature, Preheat)
How much does a gas cool when its pressure is reduced through a regulator or valve, does the outlet stay above the lowest temperature allowed, and how much preheat is needed if it does not?
Open toolGas Separation Energy Check (Ideal Mixing, Least Work, Nitrogen Generator Efficiency)
What is the least energy any machine could use to separate this product purity from air, how does my nitrogen generator’s actual energy compare, and is it within my target?
Open toolGas Throttling Temperature Check (Joule–Thomson Cooling, Regulator Outlet, Preheat)
When this gas is throttled through a regulator or valve from a high to a low pressure, how cold does it come out, and how much preheat keeps the outlet above my lowest allowed temperature?
Open toolGas Volume at Pressure and Temperature
What volume does this gas occupy at the new pressure and temperature?
Open toolHinged Flap Cylinder Check (Force Through the Swing, Stroke, Cylinder Size)
For a hinged flap, lid or door raised by a pneumatic cylinder, what force does the cylinder need through the swing, what stroke, and is my cylinder big enough?
Open toolNitrogen or Oxygen Generator Energy Check (Minimum Separation Work, Second-Law Efficiency, Running Cost)
What is the least energy physics allows for making nitrogen or oxygen of my purity from air at this air factor, how does the generator’s actual specific energy compare, and what does the gas cost to make each year?
Open toolPneumatic Cylinder Air Demand
What reference-volume air demand does this cylinder cycle create?
Open toolPneumatic Cylinder Force and Bore Selection
What force does this air cylinder give, and is the bore large enough for the load?
Open toolPneumatic Cylinder Sizing, Air Use and Running Cost
What bore does this air cylinder need, how much air does it use, and what does that air cost?
Open toolPneumatic Cylinder Swept Volume
What volume does a double-acting cylinder sweep in one complete cycle?
Open toolReal Gas Cylinder Contents Check (Van der Waals, Compressibility, Ideal-Gas Error)
How much gas is really in this cylinder or receiver at its pressure and temperature, how far off is the ideal-gas estimate, and is it enough for the job?
Open toolVacuum Cup Holding Force
Will these suction cups hold this part during handling?
Open toolVacuum Gripper Sizing (Cups, Diameter, Holding and Evacuation Time)
Will these suction cups hold the part through the move, what cup size or count would, and how quickly does the system pull down to working vacuum?
Open toolVelocity and Flow of Escaping Compressed Air
How fast and how much air escapes from this tank through a hole or nozzle?
Open toolQuality & Materials
Inspection, capability, tolerances and material behaviour.
Abbe Offset Error
How much error does an offset between the scale and the measured feature cause?
Open toolAcceptance Sampling Plan (n and c for Producer and Consumer Risk)
What sample size and acceptance number protect both me and my customer at these quality levels, and does my current plan do it?
Open toolAcceptance Sampling Probability (OC Curve)
What is the chance this sampling plan accepts a lot with a given defect rate?
Open toolArc Radius from Measurement over Rolls
What radius does this concave or convex gauge or part have, from a measurement over two rolls?
Open toolBolt Circle Inspection from Three Holes (Fitted Diameter, Centre Position)
From the measured centres of three holes on a bolt circle, what diameter and centre do they actually lie on, and are the circle size and its centre position within tolerance?
Open toolBolt Circle Measurement over Pins
What is the distance across opposite holes of this bolt circle, measured over plugs?
Open toolBolt Circle Pin Check (Pitch Circle from Plugs, Readings at the Limits, Decision)
For a ring of equally spaced holes measured over plugs, what pitch circle diameter does my reading give, what readings should I expect at the limits, and does it pass?
Open toolc-Chart Check (Defects per Unit, Poisson Control Limits, Counts Out of Control)
From the number of defects found on each inspection unit, what is the average count, where are the control limits, and is any unit out of control?
Open toolCapability Confidence Check (Cp, Cpk and Their Lower Confidence Bounds, Sample Size)
From a capability study of this many parts, is the process proven capable at my confidence level, or does the sample only suggest it?
Open toolCNC Axis Positioning Accuracy and Repeatability
What positioning accuracy and repeatability does this axis have from repeated runs to target points?
Open toolCompound-Angle Sine Plate Set-up (True Angle and Stack Heights)
For a surface with two apparent slopes, what true compound angle and direction does it have, and what gauge-block stacks set a compound sine plate to it?
Open toolCUSUM Control Chart Check (Tabular Upper and Lower Sums, Decision Interval, First Signal)
Has my process mean shifted away from target? Using the tabular cumulative sum (CUSUM) method on these readings, do the upper or lower sums pass the decision interval, and when?
Open toolDovetail Inspection over Rods (Reading Limits, Accept or Reject)
What reading over (or between) rods should this dovetail give at its width limits, and does my measured reading pass?
Open toolDovetail Measurement over Rods
What should the measurement over (or between) rods read for this dovetail?
Open toolDrill Bushing Position Check (Clearance, Drill Tilt, Hole Position Error, Chip Gap)
When a drill is guided by a jig bushing, how far can the hole start from its true position because of the clearance in the bushing and the gap below it, and is that within the position tolerance?
Open toolEWMA Control Chart Check (Weighted Moving Average, Control Limits, Small Shifts)
Is my process drifting by a small amount that an ordinary control chart would miss? Where are the EWMA control limits for these readings, and does the weighted average cross them?
Open toolFastener Position Tolerance (Floating or Fixed) and Part Check
What position tolerance can I give the holes for these fasteners and clearance holes, and does a measured part pass with its bonus tolerance?
Open toolFilter Membrane Bubble Point Check (Integrity Test, Largest Pore, Other Wetting Liquid)
Does the bubble point I measured on this wetted filter membrane meet the maker’s minimum, corrected for my wetting liquid, and what largest pore size does it point to?
Open toolFixture Locating Error from Pin and Hole Clearances
How far can a part shift and rotate on its locating pins, and does that fit the feature tolerance?
Open toolGauge Block Stack Builder
Which gauge blocks make up this length with the fewest blocks?
Open toolGauge Repeatability and Bias Check (Type 1 Study: Cg, Cgk, Bias t-Test)
From repeated readings of a reference master, is this gauge repeatable and accurate enough for the tolerance, and is its bias statistically significant?
Open toolGo and No-Go Gauge Sizes
What sizes should the go and no-go plug or ring gauges have for this toleranced feature?
Open toolGrubbs Outlier Check (Suspect Value, G Statistic, Critical Value, Significance)
One of my measurements looks far from the rest: is it a statistical outlier at my significance level, or within what normal scatter could produce?
Open toolGuard-Banded Acceptance Decision (Uncertainty Budget, Accept, Reject or Indeterminate)
Given my gauge’s measurement uncertainty, can I accept this part from its reading, must I reject it, or is it too close to the limit to decide?
Open toolIndependent Dimensional Uncertainty Budget
How do these independent measurement contributions combine?
Open toolIndividuals Control Chart Check (Moving Range, Control Limits, Points Out of Control)
From these individual measurements taken one at a time, where are the control limits, and is any point outside them?
Open toolInstrument Calibration Check (Errors, Accuracy Class, Interpolated Correction)
From my calibration readings against a reference, is this gauge within its accuracy class, and what is the corrected value of a reading taken in service?
Open toolInternal Taper Angle from Two Balls
What is the included angle and top diameter of this tapered bore, measured with two balls?
Open toolInternal Taper Inspection with Two Balls (Accept or Reject)
From my two-ball depth readings, what is this internal taper’s included angle and top diameter, and are they within the drawing limits?
Open toolISO Tolerance Grade (IT) Value
How large is the ISO IT tolerance grade for this nominal size?
Open toolLimit Gauge Plan (IT Tolerance, Go and No-Go Sizes, Makeability)
For this size and tolerance grade, what are the work limits, what go and no-go gauge sizes do I order, and is the gauge tolerance large enough to make?
Open toolLinear Calibration Check (Straight-Line Fit, Calibrated Value, Calibration Interval)
I have measured a set of reference standards with my instrument: what straight-line calibration do they give, what is the true value for a new reading, and is the uncertainty of that calibrated value within my tolerance?
Open toolLot Acceptance from Process Capability (Fraction Defective, Sampling Plan Risk)
Given how capable my process is, what fraction of parts fall outside tolerance, and how often will my customer’s sampling plan reject a lot?
Open toolMachine Axis Error Budget (Positioning, Abbe, Thermal, Fixture)
Can this machine axis hold my tolerance once positioning error, repeatability, Abbe error, thermal growth of the screw and fixture error are added up?
Open toolMeasurement Error from Part and Gauge Temperature
How far off is my measurement because the part and gauge are not at 20 °C, and what is the true size?
Open toolMeasurement Uncertainty Budget (Combined, Expanded, Test Ratio)
What is the total uncertainty of this length measurement, is it small enough against the tolerance, and what guard-banded limits should I accept to?
Open toolNormal Distribution Out-of-Tolerance
What fraction of parts will fall outside these limits for this mean and standard deviation?
Open toolNormal Tolerance Interval Check (Coverage, Confidence, Tolerance Factor, Against Specification)
From a sample mean and standard deviation, between what limits can I say a stated proportion of all parts lie, at my confidence level, and do those limits sit inside the specification?
Open toolOne-Way ANOVA Check (Group Means, F Test, Machines, Suppliers or Settings)
I have measurements from two to four machines, suppliers, shifts or settings: do their means really differ, or is the difference within the scatter inside each group?
Open toolp-Chart Check (Fraction Defective, Control Limits, Samples Out of Control)
From the number of defective items in each sample of the same size, what is the average fraction defective, where are the control limits, and is any sample out of control?
Open toolParticle and Polymer Coil Size from Dynamic Light Scattering (Decay Rate, Diffusion Coefficient, Stokes–Einstein)
From the decay rate of a dynamic light scattering correlation function, what are the diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic size of the particles or polymer coils, and are they within my specification?
Open toolpH Electrode Two-Buffer Calibration Check (Nernst Slope, Offset, Sample pH)
After a two-buffer calibration, is my pH electrode’s slope and offset within the acceptance limits, and what pH does my sample reading give at its own temperature?
Open toolPolar Hole Position Check (Nominal X–Y from Radius and Angle, Position Error, Bonus Tolerance)
For holes dimensioned by radius and angle and measured in X and Y, how far is each hole from its true position, and does it pass with the bonus tolerance from its size?
Open toolPolymer Intrinsic Viscosity and Molar Mass from One Viscometer Reading (Single-Point [η], Mark–Houwink)
From the flow times of the solvent and of one dilute polymer solution in a capillary viscometer, what is the intrinsic viscosity, what viscosity-average molar mass does it imply, and is it within my specification?
Open toolProcess Capability Check (σ from R̄, Cp, Cpk, Rejects, Limits)
From my control chart averages, how capable is this process against the tolerance, what share will fall out of tolerance, and what are the control limits?
Open toolProcess Capability from Summary Data
What Cp and Cpk follow from this mean and within-process spread?
Open toolProcess Change Trial (Sample Size, Welch t-Test, Improvement Decision)
How many parts should I run before and after a process change to detect the improvement I care about, and do my trial results prove the change made a real difference?
Open toolRubber Swelling Test: Crosslink Density, Chain Molar Mass and Network Modulus (Flory–Rehner)
From the masses of a rubber specimen before swelling, swollen in a solvent and dried again, what is its crosslink density, and is the cure within my acceptance range?
Open toolSample Size to Estimate a Mean
How many measurements or tests are needed to estimate the mean within this margin?
Open toolSine Bar Height
What height difference sets this angle?
Open toolSine Bar Set-Up from Degrees, Minutes and Seconds (Gauge Stack, Set Angle, Error)
For an angle given in degrees, minutes and seconds, what gauge block stack goes under the sine bar, what angle does it actually set, and is the set-up error within tolerance?
Open toolSine-Bar Set-up (Stack Height, Rounding and Angle Error)
What gauge-block stack sets this sine bar to the angle, how much angle error do block rounding and tolerance add, and is it within my angle tolerance?
Open toolStandard Deviation Chi-Square Check (Process Spread Against a Target Sigma, Confidence Interval)
Is my process spread different from (or larger or smaller than) the standard deviation it is meant to hold, judging from a sample, and what range does the true standard deviation lie in?
Open toolStandard Metal Ball Lot Check (Lot Mean Diameter, Ball Gauge, Specific Diameter, Balls per Kilogram)
For a lot of precision metal balls ordered by nominal diameter, grade and ball gauge, is the measured lot mean diameter and lot variation within what I allow for the grade, what specific diameter should the package be marked with, and how many balls are there per kilogram?
Open toolStatistical (RSS) Tolerance Stack
Will this gap stay within its limits, worst case and statistically?
Open toolSurface Roughness Acceptance (ISO 16 % Rule and Max Rule, Evaluation Length)
Does a measured surface pass its roughness requirement: under the default 16 % rule, are no more than 16 % of the measured values above the upper limit (or below a lower limit), or under the max rule, is no value above the limit — and what evaluation length should each measurement cover?
Open toolTaper and Angle Gauges with Discs
What angle or taper do these two discs set, or where must they be placed for a required taper?
Open toolTaper Disc Gauge Check (Centre Distance for a Taper, Taper from the Measured Setting)
For a disc-type taper gauge set to a taper per foot, what centre distance and reading over the discs should it have, and what taper does my measured setting actually give?
Open toolTolerance Stack Design (Worst Case, RSS and Predicted Rejects)
Will this assembly gap stay within its limits by worst case, by root-sum-square, and what share of assemblies will fall outside at my process capability?
Open toolTrue Position with Bonus Tolerance
Is this hole or pin within its positional tolerance, including any bonus from its size?
Open toolTwo-Sample Comparison (t-test)
Is the difference between these two averages statistically significant?
Open toolTwo-Variance F Test (Compare the Spread of Two Machines, Batches or Methods)
Two machines, batches or methods give the same average but one looks more variable: from their sample standard deviations, is the difference in spread real at my significance level?
Open toolV-Groove Measurement over a Pin
How far should a gauge pin stand above the surface in this V-groove?
Open toolVee Groove Pin Inspection (Pin Height at Nominal and Limits, Groove Width from the Reading)
For a vee groove checked with a pin, what height should the pin stand above the surface, and what groove width does my measured height give?
Open toolX-bar and R Control Chart Limits
What are the control limits for this X-bar and R chart?
Open toolASTM Grain Size Number
What ASTM grain size number does this count or intercept measurement give?
Open toolBrinell Hardness from Indentation
What Brinell hardness does this indentation give, and is the test valid?
Open toolBrinell Hardness Test Check (Hardness, Validity Rules, Specification)
What Brinell hardness does this indentation give, was the test valid for the specimen thickness, edge distance and spacing, and is the result within specification?
Open toolCantilever Snap-Fit Design (Plastics)
Will this snap-fit finger survive assembly, and what forces does it need?
Open toolCarburizing Case Depth Plan (Total Case for a Ground Effective Case, Time at Temperature, Furnace Cost)
How deep must a part be carburized so that, after grinding, the effective case it needs remains, how long does that take at temperature, and is the case sensible for the section?
Open toolCorrosion Rate from Mass Loss
How fast is this metal corroding, and how long will the corrosion allowance last?
Open toolCorrosion Remaining Life and Inspection Interval
At its measured corrosion rate, how long before this pipe or vessel wall reaches its minimum thickness, and when should it next be inspected?
Open toolDifferential Thermal Expansion
How does a fit clearance change when the bore and shaft materials expand differently?
Open toolDifferential Thermal Fit
How does clearance change at different part temperatures?
Open toolElastic Constants: E, G, ν and Bulk Modulus
What are the other elastic constants of an isotropic material from the two I know?
Open toolElectric Tank Heater Sizing (Heat-up, Losses and Watt Density)
How much heater power will bring this tank up to temperature in time, and is the installed heater’s surface loading safe for the liquid?
Open toolEnergy and Time to Melt Metal
How much energy and time does it take to melt and superheat this charge of metal?
Open toolEquivalent Thickness for Equal Stiffness or Strength
How thick must a part in the new material be to match the stiffness and strength of the original?
Open toolFurnace Wall Design (Layers, Convection and Radiation from the Surface)
What outside surface temperature and heat loss will this layered furnace wall have, are the layer interfaces within their service temperatures, and what does the loss cost?
Open toolGrain Size Acceptance (Field Readings, Average ASTM Grain Size, Spread, Specification)
From several microscope field readings, what is the average ASTM grain size number, how much do the fields vary, and does the material meet the grain size specification?
Open toolHeat Flow Through a Layered Wall
How much heat flows through this insulated wall, and what are the layer temperatures?
Open toolHeat Loss from an Insulated Pipe
How much heat does this insulated pipe lose, and how hot is the outside surface?
Open toolHeat-Treatment Furnace Load Plan (Time, Energy, Cost)
How long will this load take to heat, how much energy will the cycle use, and what does it cost per kilogram?
Open toolHeating Energy and Time
How much energy and time does it take to heat this material or liquid?
Open toolHot Surface Insulation Check (Bare Loss, Insulated Loss, Touch Temperature, Payback)
How much heat does this hot surface lose bare and with insulation, is the insulated surface safe to touch, and how quickly does the insulation pay for itself?
Open toolInduction Hardening Plan (Reference Depth, Frequency for the Case, Heating Energy and Power)
For induction hardening a bar to a given case depth, does the generator frequency suit the case, what frequency would, and how much energy and power does heating the surface layer need?
Open toolLinear Thermal Growth
How much does an unrestrained dimension change with temperature?
Open toolLumber Board Feet and Volume
How many board feet and cubic metres are in this timber order, and what does it cost?
Open toolMelt Charge Blend (Two Materials to a Target Content, Batch Masses, Cost)
How much of each of my two charge materials do I melt to hit the target alloy content, what do I weigh out for the batch, and what does the charge cost per kilogram?
Open toolMelting Furnace Batch Plan (Energy, Melt Time, Melts per Shift, Cost)
How long does each melt take in this furnace, how many melts and how much metal can I get per shift, and what does the energy cost per kilogram?
Open toolMixture Cost and Blending (Alligation)
What does this mixture cost per kilogram, or in what proportions do two ingredients blend to a target value?
Open toolPanel Material Substitution (Equal Stiffness and Strength Thickness, Mass, Cost)
If I change this plate or panel to another material, how thick must it be to keep the same stiffness and strength, and what happens to weight and cost?
Open toolPipe Insulation Design (Thickness for Surface Temperature and Loss, Payback)
How thick must the insulation on this hot pipe be to keep the surface safe and the heat loss within target, and how quickly does it pay back?
Open toolPolymer Melting or Dissolution Temperature with a Diluent (Flory Melting-Point Depression)
How far does a solvent, plasticiser or other diluent lower the melting point of a semicrystalline polymer, and will its crystals melt (or survive) at my process or service temperature?
Open toolPolymer Solution and Blend Phase Check (Flory–Huggins χ, Spinodal, Critical Point, Cloud Temperature)
Will this polymer stay dissolved in this solvent, or mixed with this second polymer, at my concentration and temperature, and at what temperature will it start to separate?
Open toolQuench Tank Temperature Check (Equilibrium Temperature per Load, Loads to the Limit, Cooling Duty)
When a hot load is quenched into my tank, what temperature does the bath settle at, how many loads can it take without cooling before it passes its limit, and is the cooler big enough for my load rate?
Open toolRadiant Heat Loss
How much heat does this hot surface radiate to its surroundings?
Open toolRing Blank Plan (Rolled Ring or Cut from Plate, Mass and Cost)
For this machined ring, is it cheaper to buy a rolled (forged) ring blank or to cut the blank from plate, and how much material does each waste?
Open toolSnap-Fit Joint Design (Deflection, Assembly and Retention Forces)
How far can this snap-fit finger deflect, how hard is it to push together, and how much force will hold it closed?
Open toolSolvent Attack and Swelling Screen for Plastics and Elastomers (Hansen Distance Ra and RED)
Will this solvent, cleaner or blend of two liquids dissolve or swell my plastic or rubber part, or will it dissolve the polymer I want to dissolve?
Open toolStock Volume and Mass
What is the theoretical mass of this stock geometry?
Open toolStockpile Haulage Plan (Pile Mass, Truck Loads, Loading Time, Ground Pressure)
How much material is in this stockpile, how many truck loads and loader passes will it take to move it, and is the ground under the pile strong enough?
Open toolStockpile Volume and Weight from Angle of Repose
How much material is in a natural pile on this circular or rectangular base?
Open toolTensile Test Evaluation (Yield, UTS, Elongation, Reduction of Area, True Fracture)
From my tensile test readings, what are the yield and tensile strengths, elongation, reduction of area, modulus and true fracture stress, and does the material meet its specification?
Open toolThermal Stress and Movement in Plastic–Metal Assemblies
What stress builds up in a plastic part restrained by metal when the temperature changes, and how much do they move relative to each other?
Open toolTimber Order Plan (Board Feet, Cost, Moisture, Weight, Deliveries)
How much timber do I order with a waste allowance, what will it cost, is it dry enough to use, and how heavy is the load to deliver?
Open toolTrue Stress, True Strain and Flow Curve
What are the nominal and true stress and strain at this point in a tensile test, and what does the flow curve predict?
Open toolVickers and Knoop Hardness from Indentation
What Vickers or Knoop hardness does this indentation give?
Open toolVickers Hardness Test Check (Hardness, Validity, Specification)
What Vickers hardness do these indentation diagonals give, was the test valid for the thickness, spacing and edge distance, and is the result within specification?
Open toolWood Moisture Content and Density
What is the moisture content of this timber, and what is its density at a given moisture content?
Open toolMaintenance & Reliability
Alignment, lubrication, oil cleanliness and asset life.
Arrhenius Acceleration Check (Temperature Acceleration Factor, Equivalent Hours, Test Length)
If I run a life test hotter than the parts see in service, how much faster do temperature-driven failures happen, how many service hours does my test represent, and is it long enough to cover the target life?
Open toolBearing Defect Frequency Check (BPFO, BPFI, Ball Spin, Cage, Match to a Measured Peak)
For this rolling bearing at this shaft speed, what are its outer race, inner race, ball spin and cage defect frequencies, and does the peak I measured in the vibration spectrum match one of them?
Open toolBearing Fleet Spares Plan (Rating Life, Weibull Failures, Spares for a Service Level)
For a group of identical bearings in service, how many are expected to fail over the planning period, and how many spares must I hold to be this sure of not running out?
Open toolCoolant Blend
What volumes make the required final coolant concentration?
Open toolCoolant Concentration from Refractometer
What is the coolant concentration from this refractometer reading, and what should be added to correct it?
Open toolCoolant Tank Maintenance (Concentration, Correction, Make-Up Mix, Usage)
What is the coolant concentration from my refractometer reading, what do I add to correct it, what make-up mix keeps it on target, and how much concentrate will I use?
Open toolCoolant Top-up Balance
How much make-up fluid reaches the target within sump capacity?
Open toolCritical Spares Plan (Poisson Failures over the Lead Time, Spares for a Service Level)
For a group of identical repairable or randomly failing parts, how many failures should I expect while a replacement is on order, and how many spares must I hold to be this sure of not running out?
Open toolFilter Beta Ratio and Capture Efficiency
What beta ratio and capture efficiency does this filter achieve, and what will pass downstream?
Open toolHydraulic Filter Selection (Beta Ratios, Cleanliness Code, Pressure Drop)
Will this filter bring the oil to my target cleanliness code, and is its pressure drop acceptable at my flow and oil viscosity?
Open toolISO 4406 Oil Cleanliness Code from Particle Counts
What ISO 4406 cleanliness code do these particle counts give, and does the oil meet its target?
Open toolJackbolt Turns and Flats for an Alignment Move
How many turns and head flats of the jackbolts at the front and rear of the machine give the side-to-side moves my alignment calls for?
Open toolJournal Bearing Oil Check (Viscosity at Temperature, Film and Friction)
At its running temperature, how thick is this oil, does the journal bearing keep a safe film with it, and how much heat does the oil friction make?
Open toolLubricant Film Thickness Ratio (Lambda)
Is the lubricant film thick enough to separate these rolling surfaces?
Open toolLubricant Viscosity Check (Operating and Cold-Start Viscosity)
Is this oil grade thick enough at the operating temperature and thin enough to circulate at a cold start?
Open toolMTBF Confidence Bounds (Field or Test Failures, Chi-Square Limits, Requirement Check)
From the operating hours and failures I have recorded, what is the mean time between failures, what lower bound can I claim at my confidence level, and does it meet the requirement?
Open toolPreventive Replacement Interval Plan (Weibull Reliability and Cost per Hour)
Should I replace this part on a schedule or run it to failure, what interval minimises cost, and what interval gives the reliability I want?
Open toolReliability Demonstration Test Plan (MTBF Objective, Confidence, Allowed Failures, Test Length)
How many unit-hours of testing do I need to show, at my confidence level, that a machine or component meets its MTBF objective, and can it be done in the time I have?
Open toolReliability Growth Check (Duane Power-Law Model, Growth Slope, MTBF at End of Test)
We have been fixing faults as they appear during a development or debugging test: is reliability actually growing, what MTBF has the equipment reached at the end of the test, and has it reached the goal?
Open toolRepairable Asset Availability
What do operating and repair records show about availability?
Open toolRim and Face Alignment for Any of the 16 Indicator Arrangements
For the way my rim and face dial indicators are mounted (any of the handbook’s sixteen arrangements), how much shim do I add or remove, or how far do I move the machine, at the front, rear and any extra feet, allowing for indicator bracket sag?
Open toolRim and Face Shaft Alignment Corrections
How many shims should go under each foot of the movable machine to correct this misalignment?
Open toolShaft Alignment Plan (Rim and Face Corrections with Thermal Growth)
From my rim and face readings, how many shims do I add or remove at each foot so the shafts line up when the machines are hot, and is the running alignment within tolerance as it stands?
Open toolShaft Angular Offset
What angular misalignment does this offset across a known span represent?
Open toolSystem Reliability from Weibull Components (Series and Redundancy)
What is the chance this machine runs a mission without failure when its components wear out on Weibull curves, and does redundancy on one item get it to target?
Open toolThermal Growth for Hot Shaft Alignment
How much will each machine’s shaft rise when hot, and what cold offset should be set?
Open toolWeibull Reliability and B10 Life
What is the probability this component survives to a given time, and what are its B10 life and MTTF?
Open toolProjects & Improvement
Project health, planning, workload and improvement cases.
Business Case with NPV
Does this project make commercial sense?
Open toolContingency Allowance
How much project contingency is reasonable?
Open toolEarned Value Check (Cost and Schedule Variance, CPI, SPI, Estimate at Completion, TCPI)
From the planned value, earned value and actual cost to date, is this project on budget and on schedule, what will it cost at completion, and how efficient must the rest of the work be to finish on budget?
Open toolPERT Schedule Check (Three-Point Estimates, Expected Duration, Chance of Meeting the Deadline)
With optimistic, most likely and pessimistic durations for the activities on the critical path, what is the expected completion time, how likely is it to meet the deadline, and what duration can I promise at my confidence level?
Open toolProject Health Check
How healthy is this project right now?
Open toolProject Size and Governance
How large and complex is this project?
Open toolResource Fit
Do you have enough people-hours to deliver?
Open toolSchedule Risk Check
Are you likely to hit the deadline?
Open toolAutomation Business Case
Is this repetitive work worth automating?
Open toolBefore and After Comparison
Did the change actually improve the process?
Open toolEight Wastes Check
Where is Lean waste most visible?
Open toolImprovement Value
What is this process improvement worth?
Open toolJig and Fixture Return on Investment
Is this jig or fixture worth building?
Open toolProcess Maturity Score
How mature is this process?
Open toolDeadline Feasibility
Can you finish this quantity by the deadline?
Open toolDemand vs Capacity
Can available capacity meet demand?
Open toolExponential Smoothing Forecast (Next-Period Demand, Forecast Error, Best Smoothing Constant)
From the last few periods of demand, what does single exponential smoothing forecast for next period, how large is its error on my history, and which smoothing constant would have done best?
Open toolHolt Trend Forecast (Double Exponential Smoothing, Level and Trend, Forecast Error)
My demand or usage is rising (or falling) steadily: what does double exponential smoothing forecast for the next few periods, how large is its error on my history, and which smoothing constants would have done best?
Open toolProduction Capacity Planner
Can the current production setup meet demand?
Open toolProfit What-if Scenario
What happens if volume, price or cost changes?
Open toolTeam Workload
Is the team overloaded?
Open toolBusiness & Commercial
Costing, quoting, investment and business decisions.
Benefit–Cost Ratio
Do the discounted benefits of this project exceed its discounted costs, and by how much?
Open toolBreak-even and Margin of Safety
How much must you sell before you break even?
Open toolDepreciation Schedule
How does this asset depreciate each year by straight-line, sum-of-years’-digits or declining balance?
Open toolEarly Payment Discount Check (Implied Interest Rate, Effective Annual Rate, Take or Pay Net)
A supplier offers a discount for paying early: what annual interest rate does giving it up cost me, and should I take the discount or keep the cash until the due date?
Open toolEquipment Finance Plan (Loan Payment, Depreciation, Tax, Yearly Cash Flow)
If I borrow to buy this machine, does the saving it brings cover the loan payments each year once depreciation and tax are counted?
Open toolEquipment Investment Appraisal (NPV, IRR, Payback, B/C, EUAC)
Does buying this machine pay for itself: what are its net present value, rate of return, payback, benefit–cost ratio and equivalent annual cost?
Open toolEquivalent Annual Cost Comparison
Which of two machines or options has the lower equivalent uniform annual cost?
Open toolInterest and Equivalence Factors
What are the compound interest factors for this rate and period?
Open toolInternal Rate of Return (Uneven Cash Flows)
What rate of return does this investment earn with these yearly cash flows?
Open toolInvestment Hurdle Check
Does the investment clear a simple commercial hurdle?
Open toolLearning Curve Unit Time and Cost
How long will the nth unit take, and what will the batch cost, as the team learns?
Open toolLearning-Curve Quote (Batch Hours, Cost and Price per Unit)
With the learning curve, how many hours will this batch take, what does each unit cost, and does the price I am offered give my margin?
Open toolMachine Economic Life Check (Year-by-Year EUAC, Minimum-Cost Life, Keep or Replace)
How many years should a new machine be kept before replacing it to give the lowest equivalent annual cost, and is it cheaper to keep the existing machine for one more year?
Open toolMachine Hour Rate
What does this machine cost per productive hour to own and run?
Open toolMachine Rate Quote Check (Hour Rate, Job Cost, Margin)
What does an hour on this machine really cost, what does this job cost per part at that rate, and does my quoted price give the margin I need?
Open toolMake or Buy (In-House Cost against a Supplier Price, Break-Even)
Is it cheaper to make this part in-house or buy it, at what quantity do the two cost the same, and how much does the right choice save at my volume?
Open toolMargin and Markup
What margin are you actually making?
Open toolProcess Selection Break-Even Quantity
Above what quantity does the process with higher set-up cost become cheaper?
Open toolRecurring Savings Check
What is this improvement worth over a year?
Open toolRepair or Replace (Defender and Challenger Equivalent Annual Cost)
Should I keep running this old machine, with its rising running costs, or replace it with a new one, comparing them as equivalent annual costs?
Open toolReturn on Investment and NPV
Is this investment financially worthwhile?
Open toolTrue Unit Cost
What does this work really cost?
Open toolJob Cost Estimate
What is the expected total cost of this job?
Open toolLabour Quote
What should the labour portion of the job cost?
Open toolManufacturing Quote Builder
What should this manufacturing job be quoted at?
Open toolMinimum Order Quantity Check
What does the supplier MOQ do to your inventory economics?
Open toolPrice from Target Margin
What should you charge for the target margin?
Open toolQuote Margin Check
Does this quote actually make commercial sense?
Open toolSupplier Comparison
Which supplier offers the stronger overall value?
Open toolChange Impact Assessment
How disruptive is this proposed change?
Open toolMake or Buy (detailed cost comparison)
Should you manufacture this internally or buy it from a supplier?
Open toolMake or Buy (quick check)
Should you make it yourself or outsource it?
Open toolProject Gate Review
Is this project worth proceeding with?
Open toolRisk Rating (5 × 5 matrix)
How serious is this risk?
Open toolTwo-Option Comparison
Which of two options gives the stronger overall outcome?
Open toolWork Priority Score
What should go first?
Open toolBuild or Buy Software
Should you build custom software or buy an existing product?
Open toolBuy or Lease
Should you buy or lease this equipment?
Open toolHire or Outsource
Should you hire or outsource this work?
Open toolProcess or Software Readiness
Should you fix the process first or buy software?
Open toolSubscription Value
Is this subscription earning its keep?
Open toolReference & Utilities
Unit conversion, geometry and engineering mathematics.
Angle Converter
What is this angle in other units?
Open toolArea Converter
What is this area in other units?
Open toolDecimal to Fraction
What is the nearest fraction to this decimal, and how far off is it?
Open toolDegrees, Minutes and Seconds Converter
What is this angle in degrees–minutes–seconds, decimal degrees and radians?
Open toolDensity and Specific Gravity Converter
What is this density in other units, or as a specific gravity?
Open toolEnergy and Work Converter
What is this energy in other units?
Open toolForce Converter
What is this force in other units?
Open toolLength Converter
What is this length in other units?
Open toolMass Converter
What is this mass in other units?
Open toolMoment of Inertia, Section Modulus and Momentum Converter
What is this mass moment of inertia, second moment of area, section modulus or momentum in other units?
Open toolOil Viscosity Unit Conversion (cSt, cP, SUS, Reyn)
What is this oil viscosity in centistokes, centipoise, Saybolt seconds and reyns?
Open toolPower Converter
What is this power in other units?
Open toolPressure and Stress Converter
What is this pressure or stress in other units?
Open toolSpeed and Feed Rate Converter
What is this speed in other units?
Open toolTemperature Converter
What is this temperature, or temperature difference, in other scales?
Open toolTorque Converter
What is this torque in other units?
Open toolVolume and Capacity Converter
What is this volume in other units?
Open toolVolumetric Flow Converter
What is this volumetric flow rate in other units?
Open toolWind Chill Temperature
How cold does it feel at this air temperature and wind speed?
Open toolArea of an Irregular Outline by Simpson’s Rule
What is the area of this irregular outline from measured heights at equal spacing?
Open toolBolt Circle Layout (Coordinates, Ligament, Edge and Wrench Clearance)
Where do the holes of this bolt circle go, is there enough metal between holes and to the edges, and will a socket fit between the bolts?
Open toolCentre of Gravity of Common Shapes
Where is the centre of gravity of this shape or solid?
Open toolCircle Through Three Points
What centre and radius pass through these three measured points?
Open toolCircular Segment and Arc
What chord, arc length, angle and area does this circular segment have?
Open toolCompound Angle
What true compound angle results from tilts in two perpendicular planes?
Open toolCylindrical and Spherical Coordinates
What are the rectangular, cylindrical or spherical coordinates of this point?
Open toolCylindrical Tank Contents
How much liquid is in this partly filled cylindrical tank?
Open toolDistance and Angle Between Two Points
How far apart are these two points, and at what angle?
Open toolEllipse Area and Perimeter
What area, perimeter and eccentricity does this ellipse have?
Open toolFour-Arc Oval Approximating an Ellipse (End and Side Radii and Their Centres)
To lay out an oval of a given length and width from four circular arcs that approximates an ellipse, what end radius, side radius and arc centres should I use, and how close is its area to the true ellipse?
Open toolHelix (Coil) Developed Length
How long is the wire, tube or strip wound into this helix?
Open toolHopper and Frustum Volume
What volume and side area does this tapered hopper or frustum have?
Open toolHorizontal Tank Calibration Chart (Shell and Heads, Volume by Depth)
How much liquid is in this horizontal cylindrical tank with dished heads at my dip reading, what is the full capacity, and what does the depth chart look like?
Open toolLinear Interpolation
What value lies between these two table entries?
Open toolPlane Figure Area and Perimeter
What area and perimeter does this flat shape have?
Open toolPolar and Rectangular Coordinates
What are the X–Y coordinates of this radius and angle, or the radius and angle of this X–Y point?
Open toolPolygon Area and Centroid from Coordinates
What is the area, perimeter and centroid of this polygon from its corner coordinates?
Open toolPrismoidal Formula Volume
What is the volume of this prism, pyramid, frustum or earthwork from its end and middle sections?
Open toolRegular Polygon and Hexagon Sizes
What are the across-flats, across-corners, side and area of this regular polygon?
Open toolRollers Around a Shaft and Circles in Circles
What size rollers fit around this shaft, how big a circle holds N equal circles, or how many circles fit in a rectangle?
Open toolSpherical Sections: Areas and Volumes (Hollow Sphere, Sector, Segment, Zone, Ring)
What is the surface area, volume and mass of a sphere or of a part of one — a hollow sphere wall, a spherical sector, a segment (cap), a zone between two parallel planes, a hollow sector, a solid ring or part of a ring — and what radius of sphere do the given dimensions belong to?
Open toolSpherical Triangle and Great-Circle Distance
What are the angles and area of this spherical triangle, or the great-circle distance between two points?
Open toolStraight Lines: Intersection, Angle and Distance
Where do these two lines cross, at what angle, and how far is a point from the first line?
Open toolSurface and Volume of Revolution (Pappus–Guldinus)
What surface area and volume does a profile sweep out when it is revolved about an axis?
Open toolTank and Vessel Volume with Heads
What is the total volume of this vessel including its ends?
Open toolTriangle from Two Sides and an Opposite Angle
Which triangles have these two sides and the angle opposite one of them?
Open toolTriangle Solver
What are the missing sides, angles and area of this triangle?
Open toolVolume and Surface of Solids
What volume, surface area and mass does this solid have?
Open tool3 × 3 Matrix Determinant, Adjoint and Inverse
What are the determinant and inverse of this 3 × 3 matrix?
Open toolArithmetical and Geometrical Progressions
What is the last term and the sum of this arithmetical or geometrical progression?
Open toolComplex Number Calculator
What is the sum, difference, product or quotient of these complex numbers, in rectangular and polar form?
Open toolConic Section from Its General Equation (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola: Centre, Vertices, Foci, Directrix)
Given the equation Ax² + Cy² + Dx + Ey + F = 0 of a curve, is it a parabola, an ellipse (or circle) or a hyperbola, and where are its vertex or centre, vertices, foci, directrix, axes and asymptotes?
Open toolFactorials, Permutations and Combinations
How many arrangements or selections of r items from n are possible?
Open toolGeometric Speed and Size Series
What geometric series of speeds (or sizes) runs between these limits in this many steps?
Open toolPreferred Number (Renard) Series
Which preferred numbers fall between these limits in the chosen Renard series?
Open toolPrime Factors, Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple
What are the prime factors of these numbers, and their greatest common divisor and least common multiple?
Open toolQuadratic and Cubic Equation Solver
What are the roots of this quadratic or cubic equation?
Open toolSimultaneous Equations and 3 × 3 Matrix
What solves these two or three simultaneous linear equations, and what are the determinant and inverse?
Open toolTrigonometric and Involute Functions
What are the trigonometric, versed and involute functions of this angle, or the angle for an involute value?
Open toolAbout Tools
Tools covers the engineering, manufacturing, operations and commercial decisions a team makes every day. Each tool shows its method, checks what could go wrong, tests how sensitive the answer is and gives you a report you can share with confidence.
MAKEOS engineering toolkit is the KEVOS® collection of calculators built on established engineering methods. It covers machining, mechanical design, fasteners and gears, power transmission, fluid power, fabrication, quality and maintenance. Every result shows its working and tells you what to verify before you rely on it. Browse the MAKEOS toolkit →
- Methods shown in full, with feasibility and verification checks.
- Sensitivity analysis and decision reports you can download, print or share.
- No account needed. Calculations run in your browser.
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KEVOS® Tools
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KEVOS® tools are screening and decision-support utilities. Verify important financial, engineering, safety, legal or operational decisions using appropriate professional standards and your organisation’s approved data.