KEVOS® MAKEOS · Fabrication
Deep Drawing and Ironing Punch Force
What punch force does this drawing or ironing operation need?
Punch force for the first draw of a cylindrical shell, for a subsequent (redraw) operation from blank and punch diameters, and for ironing a drawn wall to a thinner gauge, by the handbook formulas, with the drawing ratio and press capacity check.
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How this tool works
Inputs, units and where to find them
| Input | Unit | Typical source |
|---|---|---|
| Operation | choice | Choose the operation. |
| Material thickness | mm | Material thickness entering the operation. |
| Ultimate tensile strength | MPa | Ultimate tensile strength of the sheet. |
| Mean shell diameter after the first draw | mm | Mean diameter of the shell after the first draw. |
| Punch diameter (redraw) | mm | Punch diameter for the redraw. |
| Blank diameter (redraw) | mm | Original blank diameter. |
| Outside diameter of the cup (ironing) | mm | Outside diameter of the cup being ironed. |
| Punch-to-die clearance after ironing | mm | Radial clearance between punch and die, i.e. the wall thickness after ironing. |
| Compressive strength (ironing) | MPa | Compressive strength of the work-hardened wall. |
| Press capacity | kN | Rated capacity of the press. |
Method and formulas
- First draw: F₁ = π d_m T × UTS.
- Subsequent draw: F = π d_p T × UTS × (D ÷ d_p − 0.7).
- Ironing: F = π d₀ (T − c) S_c.
- Example: a first draw at 80 mm mean diameter in 1.5 mm sheet needs about 131.95 kN.
Limitations
- Friction and blank-holder force are not included; allow a margin on the press rating.
- Drawing limits depend on the material and die radii; confirm with trials.
- Example values are illustrations. Replace them with values for your actual task.
Typical uses
- Choose a press for a drawn shell
- Estimate forces for each operation in a draw sequence
- Check whether ironing fits the available press
Who it is for
- Fabrication supervisors
- Manufacturing engineers
- Estimators
What you get
- Punch force
- Drawing ratio or wall reduction
- Press utilisation
Interpreting the result
- Keep peak force well within the press rating at the point in the stroke where it occurs.
References
- Machinery’s Handbook, 29th edition (Industrial Press, 2012), printed pp. 1353–1361. Topic reference; no source tables or recommended settings are reproduced.
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