Every page in the KEVOS library tagged Biomedical Engineering. 3 pages.
Between 1899 and 1910 the living body became an object of measurement, controlled energy delivery and remote manipulation. How each of those three problems was actually solved.
Three devices that take over the function of an organ, under constraints unlike anything else in engineering: the load cannot be reduced and there is no safe shutdown state.
Three milestones that made the interior of the body, and then the sequence of its instructions, into computable data.