Steel and Metal Selection for Engineering Design: Steel Wide-Flange Sections

Steel Wide-Flange Sections — Lighter Depths (W 12 through W 4)

Designation	Area (in²)	Depth d (in.)	Flange Width bf (in.)	Flange Thick. tf (in.)	Web Thick. tw (in.)	I x-x (in⁴)	S x-x (in³)	r x-x (in.)	I y-y (in⁴)	S y-y (in³)	r y-y (in.)
W 12 × 336	98.8	16.82	13.385	2.955	1.775	4060	483	6.41	1190	177	3.47
W 12 × 305	89.6	16.32	13.235	2.705	1.625	3550	435	6.29	1050	159	3.42
W 12 × 279	81.9	15.85	13.140	2.470	1.530	3110	393	6.16	937	143	3.38
W 12 × 252	74.1	15.41	13.005	2.250	1.395	2720	353	6.06	828	127	3.34
W 12 × 230	67.7	15.05	12.895	2.070	1.285	2420	321	5.97	742	115	3.31
W 12 × 210	61.8	14.71	12.790	1.900	1.180	2140	292	5.89	664	104	3.28
W 12 × 190	55.8	14.38	12.670	1.735	1.060	1890	263	5.82	589	93.0	3.25
W 12 × 170	50.0	14.03	12.570	1.560	0.960	1650	235	5.74	517	82.3	3.22
W 12 × 152	44.7	13.71	12.480	1.400	0.870	1430	209	5.66	454	72.8	3.19
W 12 × 136	39.9	13.41	12.400	1.250	0.790	1240	186	5.58	398	64.2	3.16
W 12 × 120	35.3	13.12	12.320	1.105	0.710	1070	163	5.51	345	56.0	3.13
W 12 × 106	31.2	12.89	12.220	0.990	0.610	933	145	5.47	301	49.3	3.11
W 12 × 96	28.2	12.71	12.160	0.900	0.550	833	131	5.44	270	44.4	3.09
W 12 × 87	25.6	12.53	12.125	0.810	0.515	740	118	5.38	241	39.7	3.07
W 12 × 79	23.2	12.38	12.080	0.735	0.470	662	107	5.34	216	35.8	3.05
W 12 × 72	21.1	12.25	12.040	0.670	0.430	597	97.4	5.31	195	32.4	3.04
W 12 × 65	19.1	12.12	12.000	0.605	0.390	533	87.9	5.28	174	29.1	3.02
W 12 × 58	17.0	12.19	10.010	0.640	0.360	475	78.0	5.28	107	21.4	2.51
W 12 × 53	15.6	12.06	9.995	0.575	0.345	425	70.6	5.23	95.8	19.2	2.48
W 12 × 50	14.7	12.19	8.080	0.640	0.370	394	64.7	5.18	56.3	13.9	1.96
W 12 × 45	13.2	12.06	8.045	0.575	0.335	350	58.1	5.15	50.0	12.4	1.94
W 12 × 40	11.8	11.94	8.005	0.515	0.295	310	51.9	5.13	44.1	11.0	1.93
W 12 × 35	10.3	12.50	6.560	0.520	0.300	285	45.6	5.25	24.5	7.47	1.54
W 12 × 30	8.79	12.34	6.520	0.440	0.260	238	38.6	5.21	20.3	6.24	1.52
W 12 × 26	7.65	12.22	6.490	0.380	0.230	204	33.4	5.17	17.3	5.34	1.51
W 12 × 22	6.48	12.31	4.030	0.425	0.260	156	25.4	4.91	4.66	2.31	0.847
W 12 × 19	5.57	12.16	4.005	0.350	0.235	130	21.3	4.82	3.76	1.88	0.822
W 12 × 16	4.71	11.99	3.990	0.265	0.220	103	17.1	4.67	2.82	1.41	0.773
W 12 × 14	4.16	11.91	3.970	0.225	0.200	88.6	14.9	4.62	2.36	1.19	0.753

Designation	Area (in²)	Depth d (in.)	Flange Width bf (in.)	Flange Thick. tf (in.)	Web Thick. tw (in.)	I x-x (in⁴)	S x-x (in³)	r x-x (in.)	I y-y (in⁴)	S y-y (in³)	r y-y (in.)
W 10 × 112	32.9	11.36	10.415	1.250	0.755	716	126	4.66	236	45.3	2.68
W 10 × 100	29.4	11.10	10.340	1.120	0.680	623	112	4.60	207	40.0	2.65
W 10 × 88	25.9	10.84	10.265	0.990	0.605	534	98.5	4.54	179	34.8	2.63
W 10 × 77	22.6	10.60	10.190	0.870	0.530	455	85.9	4.49	154	30.1	2.60
W 10 × 68	20.0	10.40	10.130	0.770	0.470	394	75.7	4.44	134	26.4	2.59
W 10 × 60	17.6	10.22	10.080	0.680	0.420	341	66.7	4.39	116	23.0	2.57
W 10 × 54	15.8	10.09	10.030	0.615	0.370	303	60.0	4.37	103	20.6	2.56
W 10 × 49	14.4	9.98	10.000	0.560	0.340	272	54.6	4.35	93.4	18.7	2.54
W 10 × 45	13.3	10.10	8.020	0.620	0.350	248	49.1	4.32	53.4	13.3	2.01
W 10 × 39	11.5	9.92	7.985	0.530	0.315	209	42.1	4.27	45.0	11.3	1.98
W 10 × 33	9.71	9.73	7.960	0.435	0.290	170	35.0	4.19	36.6	9.20	1.94
W 10 × 30	8.84	10.47	5.810	0.510	0.300	170	32.4	4.38	16.7	5.75	1.37
W 10 × 26	7.61	10.33	5.770	0.440	0.260	144	27.9	4.35	14.1	4.89	1.36
W 10 × 22	6.49	10.17	5.750	0.360	0.240	118	23.2	4.27	11.4	3.97	1.33
W 10 × 19	5.62	10.24	4.020	0.395	0.250	96.3	18.8	4.14	4.29	2.14	0.874
W 10 × 17	4.99	10.11	4.010	0.330	0.240	81.9	16.2	4.05	3.56	1.78	0.844
W 10 × 15	4.41	9.99	4.000	0.270	0.230	68.9	13.8	3.95	2.89	1.45	0.810
W 10 × 12	3.54	9.87	3.960	0.210	0.190	53.8	10.9	3.90	2.18	1.10	0.785
W 8 × 67	19.7	9.00	8.280	0.935	0.570	272	60.4	3.72	88.6	21.4	2.12
W 8 × 58	17.1	8.75	8.220	0.810	0.510	228	52.0	3.65	75.1	18.3	2.10
W 8 × 48	14.1	8.50	8.110	0.685	0.400	184	43.3	3.61	60.9	15.0	2.08
W 8 × 40	11.7	8.25	8.070	0.560	0.360	146	35.5	3.53	49.1	12.2	2.04
W 8 × 35	10.3	8.12	8.020	0.495	0.310	127	31.2	3.51	42.6	10.6	2.03
W 8 × 31	9.13	8.00	7.995	0.435	0.285	110	27.5	3.47	37.1	9.27	2.02
W 8 × 28	8.25	8.06	6.535	0.465	0.285	98.0	24.3	3.45	21.7	6.63	1.62
W 8 × 24	7.08	7.93	6.495	0.400	0.245	82.8	20.9	3.42	18.3	5.63	1.61
W 8 × 21	6.16	8.28	5.270	0.400	0.250	75.3	18.2	3.49	9.77	3.71	1.26
W 8 × 18	5.26	8.14	5.250	0.330	0.230	61.9	15.2	3.43	7.97	3.04	1.23
W 8 × 15	4.44	8.11	4.015	0.315	0.245	48.0	11.8	3.29	3.41	1.70	0.876
W 8 × 13	3.84	7.99	4.000	0.255	0.230	39.6	9.91	3.21	2.73	1.37	0.843
W 8 × 10	2.96	7.89	3.940	0.205	0.170	30.8	7.81	3.22	2.09	1.06	0.841
W 6 × 25	7.34	6.38	6.080	0.455	0.320	53.4	16.7	2.70	17.1	5.61	1.52
W 6 × 20	5.87	6.20	6.020	0.365	0.260	41.4	13.4	2.66	13.3	4.41	1.50
W 6 × 16	4.74	6.28	4.030	0.405	0.260	32.1	10.2	2.60	4.43	2.20	0.966
W 6 × 15	4.43	5.99	5.990	0.260	0.230	29.1	9.72	2.56	9.32	3.11	1.46
W 6 × 12	3.55	6.03	4.000	0.280	0.230	22.1	7.31	2.49	2.99	1.50	0.918
W 6 × 9	2.68	5.90	3.940	0.215	0.170	16.4	5.56	2.47	2.19	1.11	0.905
W 5 × 19	5.54	5.15	5.030	0.430	0.270	26.2	10.2	2.17	9.13	3.63	1.28
W 5 × 16	4.68	5.01	5.000	0.360	0.240	21.3	8.51	2.13	7.51	3.00	1.27
W 4 × 13	3.83	4.16	4.060	0.345	0.280	11.3	5.46	1.72	3.86	1.90	1.00

Steel S Sections (American Standard I-Beams)

The Original Structural Shape

Before wide-flange sections dominated modern construction, the S shape (American Standard I-beam) was the primary structural beam. S shapes have narrower, sloped flanges compared to W shapes, which makes them less efficient for most applications — but they remain essential for certain uses, particularly crane rails, trolley beams, and situations requiring specific flange geometry.

Designation convention: "S" followed by actual depth and nominal weight per foot.

Example: S 5 × 14.75 = an S shape (I-beam) having a depth of 5 inches and a nominal weight of 14.75 pounds per foot.

Designation	Area A (in²)	Depth d (in.)	Flange Width bf (in.)	Flange Thick. tf (in.)	Web Thick. tw (in.)	I x-x (in⁴)	S x-x (in³)	r x-x (in.)	I y-y (in⁴)	S y-y (in³)	r y-y (in.)
S 24 × 121	35.6	24.50	8.050	1.090	0.800	3160	258	9.43	83.3	20.7	1.53
S 24 × 106	31.2	24.50	7.870	1.090	0.620	2940	240	9.71	77.1	19.6	1.57
S 24 × 100	29.3	24.00	7.245	0.870	0.745	2390	199	9.02	47.7	13.2	1.27
S 24 × 90	26.5	24.00	7.125	0.870	0.625	2250	187	9.21	44.9	12.6	1.30
S 24 × 80	23.5	24.00	7.000	0.870	0.500	2100	175	9.47	42.2	12.1	1.34
S 20 × 96	28.2	20.30	7.200	0.920	0.800	1670	165	7.71	50.2	13.9	1.33
S 20 × 86	25.3	20.30	7.060	0.920	0.660	1580	155	7.89	46.8	13.3	1.36
S 20 × 75	22.0	20.00	6.385	0.795	0.635	1280	128	7.62	29.8	9.32	1.16
S 20 × 66	19.4	20.00	6.255	0.795	0.505	1190	119	7.83	27.7	8.85	1.19
S 18 × 70	20.6	18.00	6.251	0.691	0.711	926	103	6.71	24.1	7.72	1.08
S 18 × 54.7	16.1	18.00	6.001	0.691	0.461	804	89.4	7.07	20.8	6.94	1.14
S 15 × 50	14.7	15.00	5.640	0.622	0.550	486	64.8	5.75	15.7	5.57	1.03
S 15 × 42.9	12.6	15.00	5.501	0.622	0.411	447	59.6	5.95	14.4	5.23	1.07
S 12 × 50	14.7	12.00	5.477	0.659	0.687	305	50.8	4.55	15.7	5.74	1.03
S 12 × 40.8	12.0	12.00	5.252	0.659	0.462	272	45.4	4.77	13.6	5.16	1.06
S 12 × 35	10.3	12.00	5.078	0.544	0.428	229	38.2	4.72	9.87	3.89	0.980
S 12 × 31.8	9.35	12.00	5.000	0.544	0.350	218	36.4	4.83	9.36	3.74	1.00
S 10 × 35	10.3	10.00	4.944	0.491	0.594	147	29.4	3.78	8.36	3.38	0.901
S 10 × 25.4	7.46	10.00	4.661	0.491	0.311	124	24.7	4.07	6.79	2.91	0.954
S 8 × 23	6.77	8.00	4.171	0.426	0.441	64.9	16.2	3.10	4.31	2.07	0.798
S 8 × 18.4	5.41	8.00	4.001	0.426	0.271	57.6	14.4	3.26	3.73	1.86	0.831
S 7 × 20	5.88	7.00	3.860	0.392	0.450	42.4	12.1	2.69	3.17	1.64	0.734
S 7 × 15.3	4.50	7.00	3.662	0.392	0.252	36.7	10.5	2.86	2.64	1.44	0.766
S 6 × 17.25	5.07	6.00	3.565	0.359	0.465	26.3	8.77	2.28	2.31	1.30	0.675
S 6 × 12.5	3.67	6.00	3.332	0.359	0.232	22.1	7.37	2.45	1.82	1.09	0.705
S 5 × 14.75	4.34	5.00	3.284	0.326	0.494	15.2	6.09	1.87	1.67	1.01	0.620
S 5 × 10	2.94	5.00	3.004	0.326	0.214	12.3	4.92	2.05	1.22	0.809	0.643
S 4 × 9.5	2.79	4.00	2.796	0.293	0.326	6.79	3.39	1.56	0.903	0.646	0.569
S 4 × 7.7	2.26	4.00	2.663	0.293	0.193	6.08	3.04	1.64	0.764	0.574	0.581
S 3 × 7.5	2.21	3.00	2.509	0.260	0.349	2.93	1.95	1.15	0.586	0.468	0.516
S 3 × 5.7	1.67	3.00	2.330	0.260	0.170	2.52	1.68	1.23	0.455	0.390	0.522

American Standard Steel Channels (C Shapes)

When You Need Strength on a Flat Surface

Channels are the go-to section when you need a structural shape that can be bolted flat against another surface — building frames, truck bodies, equipment supports, and conveyor systems. Their asymmetric cross-section means the shear center is offset from the centroid, which is critical to understand when designing for lateral loads.

Designation convention: "C" followed by actual depth and nominal weight per foot.

Example: C 7 × 14.75 = an American Standard Channel with a depth of 7 inches and a nominal weight of 14.75 pounds per foot.

Additional symbol: x = distance from center of gravity to outer face of the structural shape.

Designation	Area A (in²)	Depth d (in.)	Flange Width bf (in.)	Flange Thick. tf (in.)	Web Thick. tw (in.)	I x-x (in⁴)	S x-x (in³)	r x-x (in.)	I y-y (in⁴)	S y-y (in³)	r y-y (in.)	x (in.)
C 15 × 50	14.7	15.00	3.716	0.650	0.716	404	53.8	5.24	11.0	3.78	0.867	0.798
C 15 × 40	11.8	15.00	3.520	0.650	0.520	349	46.5	5.44	9.23	3.37	0.886	0.777
C 15 × 33.9	9.96	15.00	3.400	0.650	0.400	315	42.0	5.62	8.13	3.11	0.904	0.787
C 12 × 30	8.82	12.00	3.170	0.501	0.510	162	27.0	4.29	5.14	2.06	0.763	0.674
C 12 × 25	7.35	12.00	3.047	0.501	0.387	144	24.1	4.43	4.47	1.88	0.780	0.674
C 12 × 20.7	6.09	12.00	2.942	0.501	0.282	129	21.5	4.61	3.88	1.73	0.799	0.698
C 10 × 30	8.82	10.00	3.033	0.436	0.673	103	20.7	3.42	3.94	1.65	0.669	0.649
C 10 × 25	7.35	10.00	2.886	0.436	0.526	91.2	18.2	3.52	3.36	1.48	0.676	0.617
C 10 × 20	5.88	10.00	2.739	0.436	0.379	78.9	15.8	3.66	2.81	1.32	0.692	0.606
C 10 × 15.3	4.49	10.00	2.600	0.436	0.240	67.4	13.5	3.87	2.28	1.16	0.713	0.634
C 9 × 20	5.88	9.00	2.648	0.413	0.448	60.9	13.5	3.22	2.42	1.17	0.642	0.583
C 9 × 15	4.41	9.00	2.485	0.413	0.285	51.0	11.3	3.40	1.93	1.01	0.661	0.586
C 9 × 13.4	3.94	9.00	2.433	0.413	0.233	47.9	10.6	3.48	1.76	0.962	0.669	0.601
C 8 × 18.75	5.51	8.00	2.527	0.390	0.487	44.0	11.0	2.82	1.98	1.01	0.599	0.565
C 8 × 13.75	4.04	8.00	2.343	0.390	0.303	36.1	9.03	2.99	1.53	0.854	0.615	0.553
C 8 × 11.5	3.38	8.00	2.260	0.390	0.220	32.6	8.14	3.11	1.32	0.781	0.625	0.571
C 7 × 14.75	4.33	7.00	2.299	0.366	0.419	27.2	7.78	2.51	1.38	0.779	0.564	0.532
C 7 × 12.25	3.60	7.00	2.194	0.366	0.314	24.2	6.93	2.60	1.17	0.703	0.571	0.525
C 7 × 9.8	2.87	7.00	2.090	0.366	0.210	21.3	6.08	2.72	0.968	0.625	0.581	0.540
C 6 × 13	3.83	6.00	2.157	0.343	0.437	17.4	5.80	2.13	1.05	0.642	0.525	0.514
C 6 × 10.5	3.09	6.00	2.034	0.343	0.314	15.2	5.06	2.22	0.866	0.564	0.529	0.499
C 6 × 8.2	2.40	6.00	1.920	0.343	0.200	13.1	4.38	2.34	0.693	0.492	0.537	0.511
C 5 × 9	2.64	5.00	1.885	0.320	0.325	8.90	3.56	1.83	0.632	0.450	0.489	0.478
C 5 × 6.7	1.97	5.00	1.750	0.320	0.190	7.49	3.00	1.95	0.479	0.378	0.493	0.484
C 4 × 7.25	2.13	4.00	1.721	0.296	0.321	4.59	2.29	1.47	0.433	0.343	0.450	0.459
C 4 × 5.4	1.59	4.00	1.584	0.296	0.184	3.85	1.93	1.56	0.319	0.283	0.449	0.457
C 3 × 6	1.76	3.00	1.596	0.273	0.356	2.07	1.38	1.08	0.305	0.268	0.416	0.455
C 3 × 5	1.47	3.00	1.498	0.273	0.258	1.85	1.24	1.12	0.247	0.233	0.410	0.438
C 3 × 4.1	1.21	3.00	1.410	0.273	0.170	1.66	1.10	1.17	0.197	0.202	0.404	0.436

Steel Angles with Equal Legs

The Versatile Structural Connector

Equal-leg angles are among the most versatile shapes in structural steel. They serve as bracing members, connection hardware, framing elements, equipment supports, and the building blocks of trusses and towers.

Designation convention: L followed by leg width × leg width × thickness.

Example: L 3 × 3 × 1⁄4 = a 3 × 3-inch angle of 1⁄4-inch thickness.

Additional symbols:

rx or ry = radius of gyration about the X-X or Y-Y axis (equal for equal-leg angles)
rz = radius of gyration about the Z-Z (minimum) axis

Size (in.)	Thickness (in.)	Wt/Ft (lb)	Area (in²)	I (in⁴)	r x-y (in.)	r̄ (in.)	r z-z (in.)
8 × 8	1 1⁄8	56.9	16.7	98.0	2.42	2.41	1.56
8 × 8	1	51.0	15.0	89.0	2.44	2.37	1.56
8 × 8	7⁄8	45.0	13.2	79.6	2.45	2.32	1.57
8 × 8	3⁄4	38.9	11.4	69.7	2.47	2.28	1.58
8 × 8	5⁄8	32.7	9.61	59.4	2.49	2.23	1.58
8 × 8	1⁄2	26.4	7.75	48.6	2.50	2.19	1.59
6 × 6	1	37.4	11.00	35.5	1.80	1.86	1.17
6 × 6	3⁄4	28.7	8.44	28.2	1.83	1.78	1.17
6 × 6	5⁄8	24.2	7.11	24.2	1.84	1.73	1.18
6 × 6	1⁄2	19.6	5.75	19.9	1.86	1.68	1.18
6 × 6	3⁄8	14.9	4.36	15.4	1.88	1.64	1.19
5 × 5	3⁄4	23.6	6.94	15.7	1.51	1.52	0.975
5 × 5	5⁄8	20.0	5.86	13.6	1.52	1.48	0.978
5 × 5	1⁄2	16.2	4.75	11.3	1.54	1.43	0.983
5 × 5	3⁄8	12.3	3.61	8.74	1.56	1.39	0.990
4 × 4	3⁄4	18.5	5.44	7.67	1.19	1.27	0.778
4 × 4	5⁄8	15.7	4.61	6.66	1.20	1.23	0.779
4 × 4	1⁄2	12.8	3.75	5.56	1.22	1.18	0.782
4 × 4	3⁄8	9.8	2.86	4.36	1.23	1.14	0.788
4 × 4	1⁄4	6.6	1.94	3.04	1.25	1.09	0.795
3 1⁄2 × 3 1⁄2	1⁄2	11.1	3.25	3.64	1.06	1.06	0.683
3 1⁄2 × 3 1⁄2	3⁄8	8.5	2.48	2.87	1.07	1.01	0.687
3 1⁄2 × 3 1⁄2	1⁄4	5.8	1.69	2.01	1.09	0.968	0.694
3 × 3	1⁄2	9.4	2.75	2.22	0.898	0.932	0.584
3 × 3	3⁄8	7.2	2.11	1.76	0.913	0.888	0.587
3 × 3	1⁄4	4.9	1.44	1.24	0.930	0.842	0.592
2 1⁄2 × 2 1⁄2	1⁄2	7.7	2.25	1.23	0.739	0.806	0.487
2 1⁄2 × 2 1⁄2	3⁄8	5.9	1.73	0.984	0.753	0.762	0.487
2 1⁄2 × 2 1⁄2	1⁄4	4.1	1.19	0.703	0.769	0.717	0.491
2 × 2	3⁄8	4.7	1.36	0.479	0.594	0.636	0.389
2 × 2	1⁄4	3.19	0.938	0.348	0.609	0.592	0.391
2 × 2	1⁄8	1.65	0.484	0.190	0.626	0.546	0.398

Steel Angles with Unequal Legs

When Asymmetry Is the Point

Unequal-leg angles are essential when you need differential stiffness about different axes — common in bracing systems, connection details, and situations where one leg must be wider to accommodate a bolt pattern while the other leg is kept narrow for clearance.

Designation convention: L followed by long leg × short leg × thickness.

Example: L 7 × 4 × 1⁄2 = a 7 × 4-inch angle of 1⁄2-inch thickness.

Additional symbols:

Tan A = Tangent of the angle that the Z-Z axis makes with the Y-Y axis (needed for principal axis calculations)

Selected Unequal Leg Angles — Large Sizes

Size (in.)	Thick. (in.)	Wt/Ft (lb)	Area (in²)	I x-x (in⁴)	S x-x (in³)	r x-x (in.)	ȳ (in.)	I y-y (in⁴)	S y-y (in³)	r y-y (in.)	x̄ (in.)	r z-z (in.)	Tan A
9 × 4	5⁄8	26.3	7.73	64.9	11.5	2.90	3.36	8.32	2.65	1.04	0.858	0.847	0.216
9 × 4	1⁄2	21.3	6.25	53.2	9.34	2.92	3.31	6.92	2.17	1.05	0.810	0.854	0.220
8 × 6	1	44.2	13.0	80.8	15.1	2.49	2.65	38.8	8.92	1.73	1.65	1.28	0.543
8 × 6	3⁄4	33.8	9.94	63.4	11.7	2.53	2.56	30.7	6.92	1.76	1.56	1.29	0.551
8 × 6	1⁄2	23.0	6.75	44.3	8.02	2.56	2.47	21.7	4.79	1.79	1.47	1.30	0.558
8 × 4	1	37.4	11.0	69.6	14.1	2.52	3.05	11.6	3.94	1.03	1.05	0.846	0.247
8 × 4	1⁄2	19.6	5.75	38.5	7.49	2.59	2.86	6.74	2.15	1.08	0.859	0.865	0.267
7 × 4	3⁄4	26.2	7.69	37.8	8.42	2.22	2.51	9.05	3.03	1.09	1.01	0.860	0.324
7 × 4	1⁄2	17.9	5.25	26.7	5.81	2.25	2.42	6.53	2.12	1.11	0.917	0.872	0.335
7 × 4	3⁄8	13.6	3.98	20.6	4.44	2.27	2.37	5.10	1.63	1.13	0.870	0.880	0.340
6 × 4	3⁄4	23.6	6.94	24.5	6.25	1.88	2.08	8.68	2.97	1.12	1.08	0.860	0.428
6 × 4	1⁄2	16.2	4.75	17.4	4.33	1.91	1.99	6.27	2.08	1.15	0.987	0.870	0.440
6 × 4	3⁄8	12.3	3.61	13.5	3.32	1.93	1.94	4.90	1.60	1.17	0.941	0.877	0.446
6 × 3 1⁄2	1⁄2	15.3	4.50	16.6	4.24	1.92	2.08	4.25	1.59	0.972	0.833	0.759	0.344
6 × 3 1⁄2	3⁄8	11.7	3.42	12.9	3.24	1.94	2.04	3.34	1.23	0.988	0.787	0.676	0.350
5 × 3 1⁄2	3⁄4	19.8	5.81	13.9	4.28	1.55	1.75	5.55	2.22	0.977	0.996	0.748	0.464
5 × 3 1⁄2	1⁄2	13.6	4.00	9.99	2.99	1.58	1.66	4.05	1.56	1.01	0.906	0.755	0.479
5 × 3 1⁄2	3⁄8	10.4	3.05	7.78	2.29	1.60	1.61	3.18	1.21	1.02	0.861	0.762	0.486
5 × 3 1⁄2	1⁄4	7.0	2.06	5.39	1.57	1.62	1.56	2.23	0.830	1.04	0.814	0.770	0.492
3 × 2	1⁄2	7.7	2.25	1.92	1.00	0.924	1.08	0.672	0.474	0.546	0.583	0.428	0.414
3 × 2	3⁄8	5.9	1.73	1.53	0.781	0.940	1.04	0.543	0.371	0.559	0.539	0.430	0.428
3 × 2	1⁄4	4.1	1.19	1.09	0.542	0.957	0.993	0.392	0.260	0.574	0.493	0.435	0.440
2 1⁄2 × 2	3⁄8	5.3	1.55	0.912	0.547	0.768	0.831	0.514	0.363	0.577	0.581	0.420	0.614
2 1⁄2 × 2	1⁄4	3.62	1.06	0.654	0.381	0.784	0.787	0.372	0.254	0.592	0.537	0.424	0.626

Steel and Metal Selection for Engineering Design: Steel Wide-Flange Sections

Executive summary

Steel Wide-Flange Sections — Lighter Depths (W 12 through W 4)

Steel S Sections (American Standard I-Beams)

The Original Structural Shape

American Standard Steel Channels (C Shapes)

When You Need Strength on a Flat Surface

Steel Angles with Equal Legs

The Versatile Structural Connector

Steel Angles with Unequal Legs

When Asymmetry Is the Point

Selected Unequal Leg Angles — Large Sizes

Engineering use and verification

Continue learning

Steel and Metal Selection for Engineering Design: Steel Wide-Flange Sections

Executive summary

Steel Wide-Flange Sections — Lighter Depths (W 12 through W 4)

Steel S Sections (American Standard I-Beams)

The Original Structural Shape

American Standard Steel Channels (C Shapes)

When You Need Strength on a Flat Surface

Steel Angles with Equal Legs

The Versatile Structural Connector

Steel Angles with Unequal Legs

When Asymmetry Is the Point

Selected Unequal Leg Angles — Large Sizes

Engineering use and verification

Related KEVOS guides

Continue learning