Charts

This chart is adapted from the lists in the standard Greek texts, NA27 and UBS4. It may appear to include considerably fewer citations than would be expected, because it focuses only on exact quotations. The NT is filled with allusions… Read More »Old Testament Passages Cited in the New Testament

Letter Name of Letter Transliteration α alpha a β bēta b γ gamma g γ gamma nasal n (before g, k, x, c) δ delta d ε epsilon e ζ zēta z η ēta ē θ thēta th ι iōta… Read More »Transliteration of Greek Words

Consonants Letter Name of Letter Transliteration א aleph ’ (a closing single quotation mark) ב beth b ג gimel g ד daleth d ה he h ו waw w ז zayin z ח heth kh (but h in hesed) ט teth… Read More »Transliteration of Hebrew Words

Unpointed ךלמ mlk Pointed ךְלֶמֶ melek

Hebrew name Square (Assyrian or Aramaic) script Paleo-Hebrew form Sound Traditional transliteration Aleph א א glottal stop ’ Beth ב ב b b Gimel ג ג g g Daleth ד ד d d He ה ה h h Waw ו… Read More »The Hebrew Alphabet

Histories Oldest Manuscripts Number Surviving Livy 59b.c.–a.d. 17 4th centurya.d. 27 Tacitus a.d.56–120 9th centurya.d. 3 Suetoniusa.d. 69–140 9th centurya.d. 200+ Thucydides 460–400b.c. 1st centurya.d. 20 Herodotus 484–425b.c. 1st centurya.d. 75 New Testament c. 100–150a.d. c. 5,700 (counting only Greek manuscripts) plus more… Read More »Comparison of Extant Historical Documents

The Law Chronological (from the creation of the world to Moses’ death): Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy The Prophets Narrative books (from the entry into the Promised Land to the Babylonian exile): Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings Oracular books (in descending order of size):… Read More »The Traditional Order of OT Canonical Books according to the Talmud

Giving Should Be References willing and cheerful “Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver” (2 Cor. 9:7; cf. 8:2–3). a regular pattern of life “On… Read More »NT Guidelines for Giving

Justification has been saved from the guilt of sin Eph. 2:8 Sanctification is being saved from the power of sin 1 Cor. 1:18 Glorification will be saved from the presence of sin Acts 15:11

Type of Language Biblical Words Human Need The Result Language of OT sacrifices Blood, lamb, sacrifice We are guilty We are forgiven Language of personal relationships Reconciliation We are alienated from God We are brought back into intimate fellowship with… Read More »Biblical Descriptions of the Atonement

The Spirit illumines the Bible (the centrality of Christ) Luke 24:27, 44–48 The Spirit empowers gospel preaching (proclamation of Christ) Acts 1:8 The Spirit brings regeneration (new life in Christ) John 3:5–8 The Spirit sanctifies the believer (transformation into the… Read More »How the Holy Spirit Glorifies Christ

The Holy Spirit is eternal Heb. 9:14 The Holy Spirit is omnipresent Ps. 139:7–10 The Holy Spirit is omniscient 1 Cor. 2:10–11 The Holy Spirit is omnipotent Luke 1:35–37 The Holy Spirit is holy Rom. 1:4

The Spirit comforts John 12:26; 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7 The Spirit teaches John 14:26; 1 Cor. 2:13 The Spirit speaks Acts 8:29; 13:2 The Spirit makes decisions Acts 15:28 The Spirit grieves over sin Eph. 4:30 The Spirit overrules human actions… Read More »Personal Actions of the Holy Spirit

Ebionism denies the deity of Christ Arianism denies the fullness of the deity of Christ Docetism denies the humanity of Christ Apollinarianism denies the fullness of the humanity of Christ Nestorianism denies the unity of the natures in one person… Read More »Heresies Concerning the Person of Christ

Attribute Scripture Implication Independence: God does not need us or the rest of creation for anything, yet we and the rest of creation can glorify him and bring him joy. “The God who made the world and everything in it, being… Read More »Practical Implications of the Incommunicable Attributes of God

Incommunicable Attributes Independence (self-existence, self-sufficiency, aseity) Unchangeableness (immutability) Eternity Omnipresence Unity (simplicity) Communicable Attributes Attributes Describing God’s Being Spirituality Indivisibility Mental Attributes Knowledge (omniscience) Wisdom Truthfulness (faithfulness) Moral Attributes Goodness Love Mercy (grace, patience) Holiness Peace (or order) Righteousness or… Read More »Attributes of God

  Means of Revelation Examples actions creating, judging, redeeming names “Lord” (Hb. YHWH, or Yahweh) “God Almighty” (Hb. el Shadday) “Master, Lord” (Hb. ‘Adon) images Father, Rock, Husband, Shepherd attributes holiness, goodness, love, grace, wrath

Area of Study Technical Title Method and foundation Prolegomena The Bible Bibliology God Theology proper Humanity (or man) Anthropology Sin Hamartiology Christ Christology Holy Spirit Pneumatology Salvation Soteriology Church Ecclesiology Last things Eschatology

Exegesis The process of seeking to determine the correct meaning out of a particular passage of Scripture. Biblical theology The study of scriptural revelation based on the historical framework presented in the Bible. Systematic theology A study that answers the… Read More »The Theological Process

Father “What if some were unfaithful? Does their faithlessness nullify the faithfulness of God? By no means! Let God be true though every one were a liar, as it is written, ‘That you may be justified in your words, and… Read More »All Three Persons of the Trinity Vitally Related to Truth

1. Through his sacrificial death, Jesus Christ has conquered Satan, the accuser, and has ransomed people from every nation to become a kingdom of priests, gladly serving in God’s presence. 1:5, 18; 5:5–10; 12:1–11 2. Jesus Christ is present among… Read More »Key Themes in Revelation

God is the Alpha and the Omega (1:8; 21:6) God is the beginning and the end (21:6) Jesus is the Alpha and the Omega (22:13; cf. 2:8; 22:13) Jesus is the beginning and the end (22:13; cf. 2:8; 22:13)

Enemy Method of Attack The beast intimidating violence The false prophet deceptive heresy The prostitute beguiling affluence

The Unrestrained, Comprehensive Expression of God’s Wrath Bowl Area Affected Reference Result Bowl 1 earth 16:2 sores on the beast’s worshipers Bowl 2 sea 16:3 blood and death Bowl 3 rivers and springs 16:4–7 blood to drink Bowl 4 sun… Read More »The Seven Bowls of Wrath (16:2–21)

Blessed is the one who reads aloud, hears, and keeps the words of this prophecy 1:3 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord 14:13 Blessed is the one who stays awake, keeping his garments on 16:15 Blessed are… Read More »The Seven Benedictions

God’s Reality Satanic Imitation the real Trinity (Father, Son [Lamb], Spirit) 1:4–5 the false trinity (dragon, beast, false prophet) 16:13; 20:10 Lamb standing, as though it had been slain 5:6 many-headed beast with mortal wound healed 13:3 sealing of the… Read More »Satanic Imitations of God’s Reality

Restrained judgments from heaven are sent in response to the saints’ prayers. Trumpet Reference Result Trumpet 1 8:7 hail, fire, and blood cast on land—one-third burned Trumpet 2 8:8–9 burning mountain cast into sea—one-third bloodied Trumpet 3 8:10–11 burning stars… Read More »The Seven Trumpets of 8:7–11:19

Progressively Increasing Destruction 6:8 Seals Death and Hades given authority over one fourth of the earth 8:7–12 Trumpets one third of all affected 16:3 Bowls every living creature

Ascription To God/One on the Throne To the Lamb Dominion 1:6 Thanksgiving 4:9; 7:12 Honor 4:9, 11; 5:13; 7:12 5:12, 13 Glory 4:9, 11; 5:13; 7:12; 19:1b 1:6; 5:12, 13 Worth 4:11 5:9, 12 Power 4:11; 7:12; 19:1b 5:12 Blessing/Praise… Read More »Doxologies to God and the Lamb

The following images depict ways in which God will be God to those who conquer (cf. Rev. 21:7). Promise What Will Happen Fulfillment 2:7 will eat from the tree of life 22:2 2:11 will not be hurt by the second death… Read More »Promises to Overcomers

Church Reference Description of Christ Commendation Rebuke Solution Consequence of Disobedience Promise for Conquerors Ephesus 2:1–7 holds the seven stars in his right hand; walks among the seven golden lampstands doctrinal vigilance and endurance loss of first love remember, repent,… Read More »Christ’s Edict-letters to His Seven Churches

1. Christians need to defend the doctrines of the faith. 3 2. False teachers may be identified by their immoral character. 4, 8, 10, 12–13, 16, 18–19 3. God will judge false teachers. 4, 5–7, 11, 14–15 4. Saints must… Read More »Key Themes in Jude

Jude often refers to prophecies or events and then applies them to the false teachers with the word “these,” thereby showing how these past events and prophecies are to be understood. Reference Past event Application to false teachers Reference vv.… Read More »Jude’s Application of Prophecies and Events

1. The support of traveling Christian workers is noble and needful. 5–8 2. Church discipline can be necessary for healthy ministry to flourish. 9–10 3. The integrity of faith is proven by actions. 11

1. The truth of Jesus Christ is eternal. 2 2. Christian love and compliance with God’s commandments are inseparable. 6 3. False teaching about Christ abounds. 7 4. Purveyors of false teaching have to be identified and left to their… Read More »Key Themes in 2 John

1. The one eternal God became incarnate in his Son, Jesus the Christ, who is “the true God and eternal life.” 1:1–3; 4:2; 5:20 2. All humans are sinful, but Christians have joyful fellowship with the Father, with the Son,… Read More »Key Themes in 1 John

The “last days” (the day of salvation, 2 Cor. 6:2) have already come but the “last day” (the day of salvation and wrath, 1 Thess. 5:1–11) has not yet arrived. The following are equivalent expressions for the “last days” (the period of… Read More »Equivalent Expressions for the “Last Days”

1. God, through his grace in Jesus Christ, has granted to Christians the privilege of partaking of the divine nature. 1:2–4 2. God’s grace results in godliness. 1:5–15 3. The revelation of truth in Christ (and in Scripture, 1:19) is sure… Read More »Key Themes in 2 Peter

1:1 our God and Savior Jesus Christ 1:11 our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 2:20 our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 3:18 our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ

1. Those who suffer as Christians will be exalted. 1:6–9; 2:18–25; 3:13–22; 4:12–19 2. The church of Jesus Christ is the new temple, the new Israel, the new people of God. 1:1–2; 2:4–10 3. Believers should set their hope on… Read More »Key Themes in 1 Peter

John 1:13 “born … of God” John 3:3 “born again” John 3:5 “born of water and the Spirit” John 3:6 “born of the Spirit” John 3:7 “born again” John 3:8 “born of the Spirit” Eph. 2:4–5 “God … even when we were… Read More »Regeneration in the New Testament

1. God is seen as a gracious giver, the unchanging Creator, merciful and compassionate, a Judge, the one and only God, a jealous God, a gracious God, and a healing God. 1:5, 17–18; 2:5, 13, 19; 4:5–6; 5:1–3, 9, 15… Read More »Key Themes in James

Leviticus 19 James v. 12 “You shall not swear” 5:12 “do not swear” v. 13 “The wages of a hired servant shall not remain with you all night” 5:4 “Behold, the wages of the laborers … which you kept back by… Read More »Leviticus 19 in James

James Teaching Matthew 1:2 joy amid trials 5:10–12 1:4 exhortation to be perfect 5:48 1:5 asking God for good things 7:7–11 1:17 God the giver of good 7:11 1:20 against anger 5:22 1:22 hearers and doers of the word 7:24–27… Read More »Echoes of Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount in James

Hebrews teaches a contrast between the realities of the old covenant and the new covenant. In the old covenant, the law and its ceremonies were a shadow of the good things to come. They only reflected the reality of the… Read More »Redemptive History in the Book of Hebrews

1. Jesus is fully God and fully man. 1:1–14; 2:5–18 2. Jesus as Son of God reveals God the Father, is the agent of creation, and sustains all creation. 1:1–14 3. Jesus serves as the eternal high priest, who as… Read More »Key Themes in Hebrews

OT person of faith Reference in Hebrews 11 Reference in OT Abel 11:4 Genesis 4 Enoch 11:5 Gen. 5:18–24 Noah 11:7 Gen. 5:29–10:32 Abraham 11:8–19 Genesis 12–25; etc. Sarah 11:11 Genesis 12–23; Isa. 51:2 Isaac 11:17–20 Genesis 17–35; etc. Jacob 11:21 Genesis… Read More »The Hall of Faith in Hebrews 11

Psalm 110 Hebrews “The Lord says to my Lord: ‘Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool’” (v. 1). Jesus “sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high” (1:3). God says to Jesus: “Sit at… Read More »Psalm 110 in Hebrews

Levitical High Priests Reference Jesus the High Priest many in number 7:23–24 one temporary 7:23–24 permanent and eternal sinners who had to offer sacrifices for their “own sins” 7:26–27 holy, innocent; offers sacrifice only for others had to sacrifice “daily”… Read More »Differences between Levitical High Priests and Jesus the High Priest

2:1–4 how shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation? (v. 3). 3:7–18 do not harden your hearts. … Take care, brothers, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from… Read More »Warning Passages in Hebrews

1. At the heart of this letter is the theme of reconciliation. Onesimus is reconciled to God, and now he is in the process of being reconciled to a fellow believer. 2. The basis for Paul’s appeal to Philemon is… Read More »Key Themes in Philemon

1. The gospel by its nature produces godliness in the lives of believers. There is no legitimate separation between belief and behavior. 1:1; 2:1, 11–14; 3:4–7 2. One’s deeds will either prove or disprove one’s claim to know God. 1:16… Read More »Key Themes in Titus

God and Christ as “Our Savior” in Titus “the preaching with which I have been entrusted by the command of God our Savior” (1:3) “Grace and peace from God the Father andChrist Jesus our Savior” (1:4) “so that in everything they… Read More »God and Christ as “Our Savior” in Titus

1. Suffering is a standard part of Christian experience. 1:8, 12; 2:3, 9; 3:11–12; 4:5, 14–18 2. The Christian response to suffering is faithful perseverance by God’s power. 1:8; 2:1, 11–13; 4:1–8 3. The gospel is the ground for the… Read More »Key Themes in 2 Timothy

1. The gospel produces holiness in the lives of believers, and there is no legitimate separation between belief and behavior. Thus, those who profess faith but do not demonstrate any progress in godliness should question their spiritual state. 1:5; 2:8–15;… Read More »Key Themes in 1 Timothy

1 Timothy 3:8 dignified 1 Timothy 3:8 not double-tongued 1 Timothy 3:8 not addicted to much wine 1 Timothy 3:8 not greedy for dishonest gain 1 Timothy 3:9 clear conscience 1 Timothy 3:10 tested 1 Timothy 3:10 blameless 1 Timothy… Read More »Qualifications for Deacons

1 Timothy Titus 3:2 above reproach 1:6, 7 above reproach 3:2 husband of one wife 1:6 husband of one wife 3:2 sober-minded 1:8 disciplined 3:2 self-controlled 1:8 self-controlled 3:2 respectable — 3:2 hospitable 1:8 hospitable 3:2 able to teach 1:9… Read More »Qualifications for Elders in 1 Timothy and Titus

2:2 “a quiet and peaceful life, godly and dignified in every way” 2:9–10 dress in a way that is appropriate for “women who profess godliness” 3:16 “Great … is the mystery of godliness” 4:7 “train yourself for godliness” 4:8 “godliness is… Read More »Godliness

1:3 teaching a different doctrine 1:6 swerving from a pure heart, good conscience, and sincere faith 1:6 wandering away into vain discussions 1:7 lacking understanding 1:10 practicing something contrary to sound doctrine 1:19 making shipwreck of their faith 1:20 blaspheming… Read More »False Teaching and Teachers

1. God’s righteous judgment will be fully manifest when Jesus returns. At that time unbelievers will be condemned and believers will be saved. 1:5–10; 2:9–14 2. Christians will share Christ’s glory. 1:10, 12; 2:14 3. The lawless one’s revelation and… Read More »Key Themes in 2 Thessalonians

In 2 Thess. 2:2 Paul warns against letters that claim to come from him but do not. Thus in 11 places in his letters Paul either identifies himself or gives his signature. These features support the conclusion that all the NT letters… Read More »The Authentication of Paul’s Letters

1. The wrath of God comes on those who reject the gospel. 2:16; 5:3 2. Jesus’ death and resurrection are the basis for the Christian’s hope. 4:14; 5:10 3. Christians are destined not for wrath but for salvation at Jesus’… Read More »Key Themes in 1 Thessalonians

1:3 “hope in our Lord Jesus Christ” 1:10 “to wait for his Son from heaven” 2:19 “before our Lord Jesus at his coming” 3:13 “at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints” 4:15 “the coming of the… Read More »The Second Coming in 1 Thessalonians

1. Jesus Christ is preeminent over all creation, Lord over all human rulers and cosmic powers. 1:15–20; 2:9–10; 3:1 2. God has worked through Christ to secure redemption and reconciliation for all who put their faith in him. 1:13–14, 20–22… Read More »Key Themes in Colossians

1:14 in whom we have redemption 1:16 in him all things were created 1:19 in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell 1:22 reconciled in his body of flesh 2:3 in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge 2:6 walk in… Read More »“In Christ”: A Central Theme in Colossians

1. Christians need to keep making progress in their lives. 1:12, 25; 3:12–16 2. A proper spiritual outlook is critical for progress in the faith. 1:5–11; 2:1–11; 3:7, 15; 4:7–9 3. Christ is the supreme example of loving and faithful… Read More »Key Themes in Philippians

1:5 “partnership in the gospel” 1:7 “partakers with me of grace” 1:14–19 “through your prayers” 1:27 “striving side by side for the faith” 2:22 “served with me in the gospel” 2:25 “my brother, and fellow worker, and fellow soldier” 3:17… Read More »Partnering with Paul in the Gospel in Many Ways

Reference Paul … 1:4 prays with joy 1:18 rejoices that Christ is proclaimed 1:25 will remain living on earth, for the Philippians’ joy in the faith 2:2 asks the Philippians to complete his joy 2:17–18 is glad and rejoices with the… Read More »Joy and Rejoicing in Philippians

1. All people are by nature spiritually dead, transgressors of God’s law, and under the rule of Satan. 1:7; 2:1–3, 5, 11–12 2. God predestined his elect to redemption and holiness in Christ according to the free counsel of his… Read More »Key Themes in Ephesians

Principles of Marriage Scripture Reference Marriage is part of the “mystery” of God’s will Eph. 1:9; 3:3; 5:32 Paul’s instructions are directed to Spirit-filled believers Eph. 5:18 Wives are called to submit, men are called to love Eph. 5:21–33 Headship… Read More »Principles of Marriage

The relationship between Christ and the church is described by Paul as a profound mystery (5:32)—a hidden plan of God now revealed and fulfilled in Christ Jesus. Christ is the head of the church 1:22–23; 4:15; 5:23 Christ is the… Read More »Christ and the Church

Reference Father Son Spirit 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ every spiritual blessing 1:11–13 him who works all things according to … his will to hope in Christ sealed with the promised Holy Spirit 1:17… Read More »Trinitarian Formulas and Expressions in Ephesians

1. In his sin-bearing death, Christ is a substitute for all Christians, whom he brings into a new realm of freedom and life. 1:4; 2:20; 3:13 2. This gospel of Christ is for humanity, but there is no sense in which it… Read More »Key Themes in Galatians

slave woman free woman Ishmael Isaac according to flesh through promise Hagar Sarah slavery freedom present Jerusalem Jerusalem above persecuting persecuted

Identity Beliefs Examples Gentile (professing) Christians The law has absolutely no claim on their lives. (Presupposed in Rom. 6:1, 16.) Jewish and Gentile Christians Christians are not under the law covenant even though they are certainly not free from God’s demands.… Read More »Spectrum of Early Beliefs about How Christians Should Relate to the Law of Moses

Galatians Event Acts Event 1:15–17 Paul’s conversion 9:1–25 Paul’s conversion 1:18 three years after conversion, first visit to Jerusalem 9:26–30 with Barnabas in Jerusalem 2:1–10 14 years after conversion (or after first trip?), Paul meets with “pillars” of the church… Read More »Paul’s Visits to Jerusalem in Galatians and Acts

1. The cross of Christ, embodied in the suffering of his apostle, unmasks the erroneous teaching of “false apostles” and “servants of Satan.” 11:13–15 2. In fulfillment of Jer. 31:31–34 and Ezek. 36:26–27, Paul is a servant of the new covenant (2 Cor.… Read More »Key Themes in 2 Corinthians

2:16 Who is sufficient for these things? 3:5 Not that we are sufficient in ourselves … 3:5 but our sufficiency is from God 12:9 “My grace is sufficient for you …”

Verse Weakness Power (or Strength) 1 Cor. 1:25 the weakness of God is stronger than men 1 Cor. 1:27 God chose what is weak to shame the strong 1 Cor. 2:3, 5 in weakness and in fear but in the… Read More »Weakness and Power (or Strength) in 1–2 Corinthians

The Believer’s Apparent (Temporal) Defeat The Believer’s Actual (Spiritual) Victory For we were so utterly burdened beyond our strength that we despaired of life itself. Indeed, we felt that we had received the sentence of death (1:8–9). He delivered us… Read More »The Believer’s Apparent (Temporal) Defeat and Actual (Spiritual) Victory

1. Since the church is the dwelling place of God’s Spirit, the people who make up the church should work for unity by building each other up. 1:10–4:21 (esp.3:10–16; 14:12) 2. Christians should build up the church in four practical ways:… Read More »Key Themes in 1 Corinthians

Verse Earthly Bodies Resurrection Bodies v. 42 perishable imperishable v. 43a exist in dishonor raised in glory v. 43b exist in weakness raised in power v. 44 natural spiritual vv. 45, 47 first Adam a living being, from the earth… Read More »Earthly Bodies and Resurrection Bodies (1 Corinthians 15)

Verse Introduction to topic 7:1 Now concerning the matters about which you wrote (marriage and sexuality) 7:25 Now concerning the betrothed 8:1 Now concerning food offered to idols 12:1 Now concerning spiritual gifts 16:1 Now concerning the collection for the… Read More »Paul’s Answers to Questions from the Corinthians

vv. 10–11 Don’t separate, but if you do, seek reconciliation. vv. 12–13 If the unbelieving spouse consents to stay, do not seek divorce. v. 15 If the unbelieving spouse separates (i.e., leaves the marriage), the believer is not bound (i.e.,… Read More »Divorce and Remarriage in 1 Corinthians 7

Phil. 3:17 Brothers, join in imitating me, and keep your eyes on those who walk according to the example you have in us. 1 Tim. 4:12 Let no one despise you for your youth, but set the believers an example in speech, in conduct,… Read More »Church Leaders Should Likewise Lead Lives That Are Examples to Imitate

1 Cor. 4:15–17 I became your father in Christ Jesus … be imitators of me. That is why I sent you Timothy, my beloved and faithful child in the Lord, to remind you of my ways in Christ. 1 Cor. 10:32–11:1 Give… Read More »Imitating Paul as Paul Imitates Christ

1. All people are sinners, therefore all, without exception, need to be saved from their sin. 1:18–3:20; 5:12–19 2. The Mosaic law, though good and holy, cannot counteract the power of sin. 2:12–29; 3:9–20; 5:20; 7:1–25; 9:30–10:8 3. Through the… Read More »Key Themes in Romans

Romans 12:6–8 1 Corinthians 12:7–10 1 Corinthians 12:28 Ephesians 4:11 Having gifts that differ according to the grace given to us To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good God has appointed in the church… Read More »Spiritual Gifts in Paul’s Letters

This chart focuses on statements that have Father, Son, or Spirit as the subject. For additional references to Father, Son, or Spirit in Romans 8, see vv. 1–2, 4–7, 13, 15, 17–23, 28. Father Son Spirit sent his Son (v. 3) condemned… Read More »The Trinity in Romans 8

Romans 3 OT Reference Sinful Condition v. 10, none is righteous Ps. 14:3/53:3;Eccles. 7:20 v. 11a, no one understands Ps. 14:2/53:2 v. 11b, no one seeks for God Ps. 14:2/53:2 v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become… Read More »OT Testimony that All Are under Sin (3:9)

Salutation Key Themes Doxology 1:1 Gospel 16:25 1:3 Son 16:25 1:2 Scriptures 16:26 1:1, 5 Paul/my gospel 16:25 1:5 Obedience of faith among the Gentiles 16:26 1:5 For his name/glory forever 16:27

Book Author Date Recipients Place of Writing James James 40–45 Jewish Christians in or near Palestine Jerusalem? Galatians Paul 48 South Galatian churches Syrian Antioch 1 Thessalonians Paul 49–51 Church in Thessalonica Corinth 2 Thessalonians Paul 49–51 Church in Thessalonica… Read More »The Epistles

The major themes of Acts can be placed under the general category of “witness,” as set forth in the thematic verse (Acts 1:8). 1. The witness is worldwide—Judea, Samaria, the “end of the earth.” 1:8 2. The witness is inclusive… Read More »Key Themes in Acts

City/Island Province/Region Reference Antioch Syria 18:22 Galatia 18:23 Asia (region of Phrygia) 18:23 Ephesus Asia 19:1–40 Macedonia 20:1–2 Corinth? Achaia 20:2–3 Macedonia 20:3 Philippi Macedonia 20:6 Troas Asia 20:6–12 Assos Asia 20:13–14 Mitylene Asia 20:14 Chios/Samos Asia 20:15 Miletus Asia 20:15–38… Read More »Itinerary of Paul’s Third Journey

City Province/Region Reference Antioch Syria 15:35 Cilicia 15:41 Derbe Galatia (region of Lycaonia) 16:1 Lystra Galatia (region of Lycaonia) 16:1–5 Asia (region of Phrygia) 16:6 Galatia 16:6 Troas Asia (region of Mysia) 16:7–10 Samothrace Thrace 16:11 Neapolis Macedonia 16:11 Philippi Macedonia 16:12–40 Amphipolis Macedonia… Read More »Itinerary of Paul’s Second Journey

City Province/Region Reference Antioch Syria 13:1–3 Seleucia Syria 13:4 Salamis Cyprus 13:5 Paphos Cyprus 13:6–12 Perga Lycia (region of Pamphylia) 13:13 Antioch Galatia (region of Pisidia) 13:14–52 Iconium Galatia 14:1–6 Lystra Galatia (region of Lycaonia) 14:6, 8–19 Derbe Galatia (region of Lycaonia) 14:6, 20–21… Read More »Itinerary of Paul’s First Journey

a.d. 5–10? Born in Tarsus as an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin and a Roman citizen (Acts 22:3, 28; Rom. 11:1; Phil. 3:5); raised in either Jerusalem (Acts 22:3?) or Tarsus 15–20? Trained as a Pharisee by Gamaliel I (Acts 22:3; 26:5; Gal.… Read More »Major Events in the Life of the Apostle Paul

listen to instruction vv. 16, 20 be kind to the poor v. 17 be involved in your children’s lives and discipline them v. 18 avoid friendships with those who lack self-control v. 19 acknowledge the rule of God v. 21… Read More »Some Essential Features of a Good Life (Proverbs 19)

Activity Text Date The church in Antioch sends Barnabas and Paul to Judea with relief funds. Acts 11:29–30; 12:25 c. a.d. 44–47 James, Cephas, and John encourage Paul to remember the poor, which he is eager to do. Gal. 2:10 c. 44–47… Read More »Paul Collects an Offering for Judea

Speaker Text Audience Peter 2:14–36 Jews in Jerusalem 3:11–26 Jews in Jerusalem 10:34–43 Cornelius’s household Stephen 7:1–53 Jews in Jerusalem Paul 13:16–47 Jews in Pisidian Antioch 17:22–31 Greeks in Athens 20:18–35 Church elders in Ephesus 22:1–21 Jews in Jerusalem 24:10–21… Read More »Major Sermons in Acts

God ordained the cross God calls, adds, and appoints many to eternal life God gives faith and repentance; God cleanses and opens hearts 2:23 “Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God” 3:18 “what God foretold by the… Read More »God’s Sovereignty in Salvation as Seen in Acts

6:7 And the word of God continued to increase. 12:24 But the word of God increased and multiplied. 13:49 And the word of the Lord was spreading throughout the whole region. 19:20 So the word of the Lord continued to… Read More »The Progress of God’s Word in Acts

Text Region Named Narrative of Ministry There Acts 1:8: you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem Acts 1–7 in all Judea and Samaria Acts 8–12 to the end of the earth Acts 13–28

1. Jesus is God. 1:1–2, 18; 5:17–18; 8:58–59; 10:30–33; 20:28 2. Jesus existed before the creation of the world. 1:1–2; 8:58; 17:5, 24 3. Jesus has supernatural knowledge. 1:48; 2:4, 19, 23–25; 3:14; 4:17–18; 6:51, 70; 8:28; 9:3; 10:15, 17–18;… Read More »Key Themes in John

The Father Gave the Son . . . John 17 authority to give eternal life v. 2 people out of this world vv. 2, 6, 9, 24 work to accomplish v. 4 words v. 8 his name vv. 11, 12… Read More »The High Priestly Prayer

Though the word “Trinity” does not appear in the Bible, by presenting the Father, Son, and Spirit all doing what no one else ever does, the Gospel of John gives us the raw material on which this doctrine is based.… Read More »The Work of the Trinity

Absolute “I am” statements 6:20; 8:24, 28, 58; 18:5 Metaphorical “I am” statements 1. I am the bread of life 6:35, 48, 51 2. I am the light of the world 8:12; 9:5 3. I am the door of the sheep 10:7,… Read More »Jesus’ “I Am” Statements

English Hebrew Meaning law torah instruction testimonies ‘edot what God solemnly testifies to be his will precepts piqqudim what God has appointed to be done statutes khuqqim; khuqqot what the divine Lawgiver has laid down commandments mitswot what God has… Read More »Terms in Psalm 119 for God’s Covenant Revelation

Where are we to get meat/bread? John 6:5; Num. 11:13 The striking disproportion between the existing need and the available resources John 6:7–9 ; Num. 11:22 The description of the manna John 6:31; Num. 11:7–9 The people’s grumbling John 6:41, 43; Num. 11:1 The reference… Read More »Parallels between John 6 and Numbers 11

1. John the Baptist 5:32–36; cf. 1:7–8, 15, 19, 32–34; 3:26 2. Jesus’ own works 5:36; cf. 10:25, 32, 37–38; 15:24 3. God the Father 5:37–38; 8:18 4. The Scriptures, esp. by Moses 5:39, 45–47 5. Jesus himself 3:11, 32;… Read More »Witnesses to Jesus

Jewish Passover 2:13, 23; 6:4; 11:55; 12:1 Unnamed (possibly Tabernacles) 5:1 Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths) 7:2 Feast of Dedication (or Hanukkah) 10:22

Though often misunderstood by Jesus’ hearers, the use of these tangible metaphors helps readers of John’s Gospel understand its message as they meditate on the analogies between these physical realities and spiritual truths. Physical Item Spiritual Truth References Light true… Read More »Physical Items Used by Jesus to Teach Spiritual Truths

John vividly illustrates what it is to believe in Jesus through the use of a number of physical images. Drinking living water 4:10–14; 7:37–38 Eating the bread of life 6:35, 47–48, 50–51, 53–58 Eating Jesus’ flesh and drinking his blood… Read More »Tangible Images of Believing

The first half of John’s Gospel features Jesus’ demonstration of his messianic identity by way of seven selected signs (cf. 20:30–31): Changing water into wine 2:1–11 Healing the official’s son 4:46–54 Healing the invalid 5:1–15 Feeding the multitude 6:5–13 Walking on… Read More »Seven Signs Pointing to Jesus as the Messiah

Day 1 John the Baptist’s witness concerning Jesus 1:19–28 Day 2 John the Baptist’s encounter with Jesus 1:29–34 Day 3 John the Baptist’s referral of disciples to Jesus 1:35–39 Day 4 Andrew’s introduction of his brother Peter to Jesus 1:40–42… Read More »The First Week of Jesus’ Ministry

John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. John 1:18 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known. John… Read More »Jesus Is God: Specific Examples Where Greek Theos (“God”) Is Applied to Jesus

1. God’s sovereign rule over history. The promises God made through the prophets are already being fulfilled. 13:33; 22:22, 42; Acts 1:16–17; 2:23; 4:28; etc. 2. The arrival and actual presence of the kingdom of God. Nevertheless, the consummation of the kingdom is still a… Read More »Key Themes in Luke

References The Prayers of Jesus 3:21 Jesus is praying as the heavens are opened at his baptism 5:16 Jesus would often withdraw to desolate places and pray 6:12 Jesus goes to the mountain to pray and continues all night in… Read More »Jesus and Prayer in the Gospel of Luke

9:22 “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected … and be killed, and on the third day be raised.” 9:44 “The Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men.” 12:50 “I have… Read More »Predictions, Reminders, and Proofs of the Death and Resurrection of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke

Luke shows Peter and Paul continuing the ministry of Jesus in the book of Acts. Representative examples are cited on the chart. Type of Ministry Jesus Peter Paul Preaching that the OT is fulfilled in Jesus the Messiah Luke 4;… Read More »Parallels in the Ministries of Jesus, Peter, and Paul in Luke–Acts

1. Jesus seeks to correct messianic expectations and misunderstandings. 1:25, 34, 44; 3:12; 4:10–12; 5:18–19, 43; 8:30; 9:9 2. Jesus is man. 3:5; 4:38; 6:6; 7:34; 8:12, 33; 10:14; 11:12; 14:33–42 3. Jesus is the Son of God. 1:11; 3:11;… Read More »Key Themes in Mark

Three times in Mark 8–10 Jesus predicts his death, the disciples fail to understand or to respond appropriately, and he then teaches them about discipleship. Announcement of Jesus’ Death Failure on the Part of the Disciples Jesus Teaches on Discipleship Jesus will… Read More »The Three Major Passion Predictions in Mark

Reference Point of Conflict 2:1–12 forgiveness 2:15–17 eating with sinners 2:18–22 fasting 2:23–28 Sabbath 3:1–6 Sabbath, and the decision to kill Jesus